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. 2024 Mar 22;12(4):86.
doi: 10.3390/sports12040086.

The Effects of Single-Bout Exercise Interventions with Different Exercise Modalities on Executive Function in Youths

Chung-Kit Tam  1 , Yu-Hua Chang  2 , Kok-Hwa Tan  2
Affiliations

The Effects of Single-Bout Exercise Interventions with Different Exercise Modalities on Executive Function in Youths

Chung-Kit Tam et al. Sports (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate how single-bout open-skill exercise (OSE), closed-skill exercise (CSE), and mixed-skill exercise intervention (MSE) influence executive function.

Method: A total of 120 students aged between 18 and 25 were separated into three groups: closed-skill exercise, open-skill exercise, and mixed-skill exercise. A task-switching test was performed before and after a single bout of exercise intervention. The simple reaction time, choice reaction time, switch cost, and correction rate were tested in a task-switching test. The results were analyzed via a two-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of α = 0.05, to compare the effects of the intervention.

Results: Only open-skill exercise exhibited a significant effect on the simple reaction time (p < 0.05). In terms of choice reaction time and switch cost, all three intervention groups exhibited significant improvements, with no significant differences observed between the three groups (p < 0.05). The correction rate did not show a significant effect post-intervention, and no significant differences were observed between the groups. The correction rate showed no significant effect after the intervention or between groups.

Conclusion: All three types of exercise can shorten choice reaction time and switch cost, but only OSE can reduce simple reaction time.

Keywords: closed-skill exercise; mixed-skill exercise; open-skill exercise; task switching.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Different exercise in dynamic warm-up.
Figure A2
Figure A2
Exercise in basketball exercise intervention.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Procedure to obtain the simple reaction time.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Procedure for choice reaction time.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The results of the pre-test and post-test for closed-skill exercise, mixed-skill exercise, and open-skill exercise groups. (A) Mean simple reaction time, (B) mean choice reaction time, (C) mean correction rate in percentage, and (D) mean switch cost. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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