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. 2024 Mar 28;12(4):756.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12040756.

Electrical Activity Changes and Neurovascular Unit Markers in the Brains of Patients after Cardiac Surgery: Effects of Multi-Task Cognitive Training

Irina Tarasova  1 , Irina Kukhareva  1 , Darya Kupriyanova  1 , Tatjana Temnikova  1 , Evgenia Gorbatovskaya  1 , Olga Trubnikova  1
Affiliations

Electrical Activity Changes and Neurovascular Unit Markers in the Brains of Patients after Cardiac Surgery: Effects of Multi-Task Cognitive Training

Irina Tarasova et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Background: There is growing interest in finding methods to enhance cognitive function and comprehend the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie these improvements. It is assumed that non-pharmacological interventions have better results in cognitive recovery. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of multi-task cognitive training (MTT) on electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and markers of the neurovascular unit in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 62 CABG patients aged 45-75 years, 30 of whom underwent a 5-7-day MTT course. The groups of patients were comparable with respect to baseline clinical and anamnestic characteristics. An EEG study was performed before surgery and 11-12 days after CABG. Markers of the neurovascular unit (S100β, NSE, and BDNF) were examined at three time points: before surgery, within the first 24 h after surgery, and 11-12 days after CABG.

Results: Patients without training demonstrated higher relative theta power changes compared to the MTT patients. The course of MTT was associated with low plasma S100β concentration but high BDNF levels at the end of the training course.

Conclusions: The theta activity changes and the markers of the neurovascular unit (S100β, BDNF) indicated that the severity of brain damage in cardiac surgery patients after a short course of MTT was slightly reduced. Electrical brain activity indicators and vascular markers can be informative for monitoring the process of cognitive rehabilitation in cardiac surgery patients.

Keywords: BDNF; S100β; brain electrical activity; cognitive training; coronary surgery; neurovascular unit.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funder was not involved in the study design; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; the writing of the article; or the decision to submit the article for publication.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Design of the study. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; MTT, multi-task training.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The theta rhythm power changes in patients with MMT and controls: (a) Log10 power values: red line—MTT group, black line—control; (b) the indicator of relative change (Δ): red column—MTT group, black column—controls.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The serum concentrations of (a) S100β; (b) BDNF; and (c) NSE: dark columns—the pre-operative values, dashed columns—the first 24 h after surgery, light columns—the values 11–12 days after CABG, error bars denote SE, *—p < 0.05 in t-test for independent samples.
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