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. 2024 Apr 15;12(4):870.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12040870.

Mechanical and Material Analysis of 3D-Printed Temporary Materials for Implant Reconstructions-A Pilot Study

Adam Nowicki  1 , Karolina Osypko  2 , Adam Kurzawa  3 , Maciej Roszak  4 , Karina Krawiec  4 , Dariusz Pyka  4
Affiliations

Mechanical and Material Analysis of 3D-Printed Temporary Materials for Implant Reconstructions-A Pilot Study

Adam Nowicki et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

In this study, the authors analyzed modern resin materials typically used for temporary reconstructions on implants and manufactured via 3D printing. Three broadly used resins: NextDent Denture 3D, NextDent C&B MFH Bleach, and Graphy TC-80DP were selected for analysis and compared to currently used acrylic materials and ABS-like resin. In order to achieve this, mechanical tests were conducted, starting with the static tensile test PN-EN. After the mechanical tests, analysis of the chemical composition was performed and images of the SEM microstructure were taken. Moreover, numerical simulations were conducted to create numerical models of materials and compare the accuracy with the tensile test. The parameters obtained in the computational environment enabled more than 98% correspondence between numerical and experimental charts, which constitutes an important step towards the further development of numeric methods in dentistry and prosthodontics.

Keywords: 3D printing; denture; mechanical properties; numerical analysis; resin; temporary prosthesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dentures made with NextDent Denture 3D and NextDent C&B MFH Bleach materials (photography by A.N.).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dental crowns made of Graphy TC-80DP material (photography by A.N.).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Shape used for tensile strength testing.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Sample placed in the grips of the MTS testing machine for the static tensile test: (a) front view; (b) side view.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dimensions of the sample in the Abaqus/Explicit computing environment.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Finite element meshed sample in the Abaqus/Explicit computing environment.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Sample with initial boundary conditions.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Samples after static tensile test: (A1)—NextDent Denture 3D, (B1)—NextDent C&B MFH Bleach, (C1)—Graphy TC-80DP.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Material characteristics: (a) NextDent Denture 3D, (b) NextDent C&B MFH Bleach, (c) Graphy TC-80DP.
Figure 10
Figure 10
SEM images of the microstructure of Nextdent 3D material. Magnification: (a) 1500×; (b) 4000×.
Figure 11
Figure 11
SEM images of the microstructure of NexDent MFH Bleach material. Magnification: (a) 1500×; (b) 4000×.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Image analysis: binary images of the surface using a magnification of 2000×: (a) Nextdent 3D; (b) NextDent C&B MFH Bleach.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Nextdent 3D: maps of elements’ distribution in the composite’s structure.
Figure 14
Figure 14
NexDent MFH Bleach: maps of elements’ distribution in the composite’s structure.
Figure 15
Figure 15
NexDent MFH Bleach: linear analyses of elements’ distribution in the composite’s structure.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Nextdent 3D: linear analyses of elements’ distribution in the composite’s structure.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Spectral analysis of selected elements in the Nextdent 3D material structure: (a) spectrum 1 and 2; (b) spectrum 3 and 4.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Spectral analysis of selected elements in the Nextdent 3D material structure: spectrum 1.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Spectral analysis of selected elements in the Nextdent 3D material structure: spectrum 3.
Figure 20
Figure 20
General view of the face of the reference breakthroughs of the specimens after static tensile testing: (a) Nextdent 3D (A1); (b) NexDent MFH Bleach (B1); (c) Graphy TC-80DP (C1).
Figure 21
Figure 21
View of the fracture front surface of the Nextdent 3D specimen (A1): (a) visible in the surface topography is a system of high faults associated with the passage of the fracture front through an area of local micro-deformation. (b) View of filler particles on the fracture surface.
Figure 22
Figure 22
View of the fracture front surface of the NexDent MFH Bleach (B1): (a) visible in the to-pography of the surface is a system of low faults associated with the passage of the fracture front through an area of local micro-deformation, (b) view of filler particles on the surface of the breakthrough.
Figure 23
Figure 23
View of the fracture surface of the Graphy TC-80DP (C1) specimen: (a) a system of low faults around the fracture focus visible in the surface topography; (b) a view of material pullouts on the fracture surface.
Figure 24
Figure 24
Comparison of experimental results with simulations—NextDent Denture 3D.
Figure 25
Figure 25
Comparison of experimental results with simulations—Graphy TC-80DP.
Figure 26
Figure 26
Comparison of experimental results with simulations—NextDent MFH Bleach.
Figure 27
Figure 27
Fracture comparison of samples: (a) real sample; (b) sample in a computational environment.
Figure 28
Figure 28
Comparison of obtained error between the experimental and numerical data for chosen materials.
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