The Role of Sulfhydryl (Thiols) Groups in Oral and Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

Aim: The sulfhydryl (thiols) group of glutathione plays an important role in the neutralization of foreign organic compounds and the reduction in peroxides. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the concentration of sulfhydryl groups in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals and those with gingivitis or periodontitis, and to examine the differences between these groups.

Material and methods: To assess the concentration of sulfhydryl groups (thiols) in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals and those with gingivitis or periodontitis, we used spectrophotometric analysis using dithionitrobenzoate (DTNB) as a reagent to measure the accessible sulfhydryl groups present in gingival tissue proteins. The sample was divided into three distinct groups: individuals with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and different indices were used to assess the periodontal status of the participants. Next, a statistical analysis was conducted to compare the concentrations of sulfhydryl groups among the different groups of patients.

Conclusions: The results of this study showed significantly decreased levels of sulfhydryl (thiols) groups in gingival tissue from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, compared with healthy people (control group). These results confirm the role of sulfhydryl (thiols) groups in defense against free radicals. They share a significant role in detoxification, signal transduction, apoptosis, and various other functions at the molecular level.

Keywords: antioxidants; free radicals; gingivitis; periodontitis.

Figure 1

Descriptive statistics of sulfhydryl group in the gingival tissue from healthy people (Group A).

Figure 2

Descriptive statistics of sulfhydryl group in the gingival tissue from people with gingivitis (Group B).

Figure 3

Descriptive statistics of sulfhydryl group in the gingival tissue from people with periodontitis (Group C).

Figure 4

Different physical, chemical, and biological agents can influence the spontaneous generation or physiological production of ROS. These include ionizing and UV radiations, air pollution, various types of pollutants, and foods rich in animal fats, but also aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, drugs, bacteria, and stress.