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Review
. 2024 Apr 17;12(4):886.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12040886.

Endometrial Cancer in Reproductive-Aged Females: Etiology and Pathogenesis

Emma Bassette  1 , Jennifer A Ducie  2
Affiliations
Review

Endometrial Cancer in Reproductive-Aged Females: Etiology and Pathogenesis

Emma Bassette et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, and the incidence is rising in premenopausal females. Type I EC is more common than Type II EC (80% vs. 20%) and is associated with a hyperestrogenic state. Estrogen unopposed by progesterone is considered to be the main driving factor in the pathogenesis of EC. Studies show that BMI > 30 kg/m2, prolonged duration of menses, nulliparity, presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome, and Lynch syndrome are the most common causes of EC in premenopausal women. Currently, there are no guidelines established to indicate premenopausal patients who should be screened. This review aims to synthesize current data on the etiology, risk factors, presentation, evaluation, and prognosis of endometrial cancer in this population.

Keywords: endometrial cancer; lynch syndrome; nulliparity; obesity; polycystic ovarian syndrome; premenopausal; reproductive-aged females.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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