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Review
. 2024 Apr 9;13(8):2163.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13082163.

Are the Spinal Changes in the Course of Scoliogeny Primary but Secondary?

Theodoros B Grivas  1 , Elias Vasiliadis  2 , Christina Mazioti  3 , Despina Papagianni  4 , Aristea Mamzeri  5 , Michail Chandrinos  6 , George Vynichakis  6 , Konstantinos Athanasopoulos  7 , Paschalis Christodoulides  8 , Nikola Jevtic  9 , Samra Pjanic  10 , Danka Ljubojevic  9 , Olga Savvidou  11 , Angelos Kaspiris  2   12 , Jarrett Grunstein  13
Affiliations
Review

Are the Spinal Changes in the Course of Scoliogeny Primary but Secondary?

Theodoros B Grivas et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

In this opinion article, there is an analysis and discussion regarding the effects of growth on the spinal and rib cage deformities, the role of the rib cage in scoliogeny, the lateral spinal profile in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the genetics and epigenetics of AIS, and the interesting and novel field investigating the sleep impact at nighttime on AIS in relation to the sequence of the scoliogenetic changes in scoliotics. The expressed opinions are mainly based on the published peer-reviewed research of the author and his team of co-authors. Based on the analysis noted above, it can be postulated that the vertebral growth changes in the spine during initial idiopathic scoliosis (IS) development are not primary-intrinsic but secondary changes. The primary cause starting the deformity is not located within the vertebral bodies. Instead, the deformations seen in the vertebral bodies are the secondary effects of asymmetrical loads exerted upon them, due to muscular loads, growth, and gravity.

Keywords: epigenetics; genetics; idiopathic scoliosis; rib cage; sleep; vertebral spine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors T.B.G., E.V., A.K., O.S., C.M., D.P., A.M., M.C., G.V., K.A. and P.C. declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article. N.J. and D.L., Scolio Centar, 403,916 Novi Sad, Serbia, ISST instructors, SP ISST Instructor. J.G. Chiropractic Center Livingston, Livingston, New Jersey, United States of America.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The three-joint complex.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The nucleus pulposus (NP—green color) in IS migrates to the convex side.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The endplates on the convex vertebral side have an increasing rate of proliferation of chondrocytes in their hypertrophic zone.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The diurnal variation accordion-like phenomenon during day and night [38].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The DRCS and the RI, ref. [12].
Figure 6
Figure 6
The way the segmental rib index (T1–T12) is assessed in the lateral spinal standing radiographs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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