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Review
. 2024 Apr 19;25(8):4483.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25084483.

Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation

Maria Luisa Hernández-Bule  1 , Jorge Naharro-Rodríguez  2 , Stefano Bacci  3 , Montserrat Fernández-Guarino  2
Affiliations
Review

Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation

Maria Luisa Hernández-Bule et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a procedure that uses light to modulate cellular functions and biological processes. Over the past decades, PBM has gained considerable attention for its potential in various medical applications due to its non-invasive nature and minimal side effects. We conducted a narrative review including articles about photobiomodulation, LED light therapy or low-level laser therapy and their applications on dermatology published over the last 6 years, encompassing research studies, clinical trials, and technological developments. This review highlights the mechanisms of action underlying PBM, including the interaction with cellular chromophores and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The evidence from clinical trials and experimental studies to evaluate the efficacy of PBM in clinical practice is summarized with a special emphasis on dermatology. Furthermore, advancements in PBM technology, such as novel light sources and treatment protocols, are discussed in the context of optimizing therapeutic outcomes and improving patient care. This narrative review underscores the promising role of PBM as a non-invasive therapeutic approach with broad clinical applicability. Despite the need for further research to develop standard protocols, PBM holds great potential for addressing a wide range of medical conditions and enhancing patient outcomes in modern healthcare practice.

Keywords: LED; dermatology; laser; photobiomodulation; photodynamic therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Represents the action of lasers in dermatology: In the center, selective photothermolysis occurs with the selective destruction of the chromophore and necrosis of the target tissue. In the surrounding tissue, PMB effects occur, corresponding to the dissipation of laser energy or lower doses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Shows the different ways of illumination with laser and LED, simple or on arrays.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Shows the penetration of light at different wavelengths throughout the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectrum.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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