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Review
. 2024 Mar 30;12(4):704.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040704.

Elimination of Pathogen Biofilms via Postbiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Method in Food and Biomedicine

Jiahao Che  1   2   3 , Jingjing Shi  1   2   3 , Chenguang Fang  2 , Xiaoqun Zeng  1   2   3 , Zhen Wu  1   2   3 , Qiwei Du  1   2   3 , Maolin Tu  1   2   3 , Daodong Pan  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Elimination of Pathogen Biofilms via Postbiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Method in Food and Biomedicine

Jiahao Che et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Pathogenic biofilms provide a naturally favorable barrier for microbial growth and are closely related to the virulence of pathogens. Postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are secondary metabolites and cellular components obtained by inactivation of fermentation broth; they have a certain inhibitory effect on all stages of pathogen biofilms. Postbiotics from LAB have drawn attention because of their high stability, safety dose parameters, and long storage period, which give them a broad application prospect in the fields of food and medicine. The mechanisms of eliminating pathogen biofilms via postbiotics from LAB mainly affect the surface adhesion, self-aggregation, virulence, and QS of pathogens influencing interspecific and intraspecific communication. However, there are some factors (preparation process and lack of target) which can limit the antibiofilm impact of postbiotics. Therefore, by using a delivery carrier and optimizing process parameters, the effect of interfering factors can be eliminated. This review summarizes the concept and characteristics of postbiotics from LAB, focusing on their preparation technology and antibiofilm effect, and the applications and limitations of postbiotics in food processing and clinical treatment are also discussed.

Keywords: antibiofilm agents; bioactive substances; biomedical function; food safety; postbiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The life cycle of bacterial biofilm and control methods in each stage. Pathogenic bacteria resist environmental stresses by aggregating to form biofilms, then will separate and spread under favorable conditions. eDNA, extracellular DNA; ECM, extracellular matrix.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The universal processing methods of postbiotic preparation produced by LAB in liquid or solid powder forms. Avoiding introducing exogenous substances, physical inactivation is the optimal choice, especially under high pressure. CFS, cell-free supernatant.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The main mechanisms of controlling film-forming pathogens in biofilms and host environment via postbiotics from LAB. (a): Directly kill planktonic bacteria and prevent them from recognizing and adhering to the host. (b): Inhibit maturation by affecting signal transmission and biofilm stability. (c): The organic acid and small molecule peptides in postbiotics prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract and inhibit the transformation of fungi to mycelial phase. QS, quorum sensing; QSI, quorum sensing inhibitor; QSM, quorum sensing molecule; FbpA, fibronectin-binding protein; EPS, extracellular polysaccharide; MSCRAMM, microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, such as fibronectin-binding proteins and biofilm-associated protein; BS, biosurfactant; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PLA, 3-phenyllactic acid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Main postbiotic components of LAB and common analytical techniques. OA, organic acid; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; PG, peptidoglycan; TA, teichoic acid; LTA, lipoteichoic acid.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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