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Review
. 2024 Apr 18;12(4):439.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines12040439.

Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on

Maria Mironova  1 , Marc G Ghany  1
Affiliations
Review

Hepatitis B Vaccine: Four Decades on

Maria Mironova et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus is a substantial contributor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. Vaccination is the most effective method for prevention of hepatitis B and its associated morbidity and mortality, and the only method to prevent infection with hepatitis D virus. The hepatitis B vaccine has been used worldwide for more than four decades; it is available in a single- or triple-antigen form and in combination with vaccines against other infections. Introduction of the vaccine and administration at birth led to sustained decline in mother-to-child transmission, chronic hepatitis B, and HCC, however, global birth dose coverage remains suboptimal. In this review we will discuss different hepatitis B vaccine formulations and schedules, vaccination guidelines, durability of the response, and vaccine escape mutants, as well as the clinical and economic benefits of vaccination.

Keywords: birth dose vaccination; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis D virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver transplant; vaccination guidelines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Timeline of hepatitis B vaccine development (HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; CpG, cytosine phosphoguanine).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose coverage in 2022 (adapted from the World Health Organization Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Dashboard) [141].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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