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. 2024 Apr 11;16(4):590.
doi: 10.3390/v16040590.

Community Structure, Drivers, and Potential Functions of Different Lifestyle Viruses in Chaohu Lake

Yu Zheng  1   2 , Zihao Gao  1   2 , Shuai Wu  1   2 , Aidong Ruan  1   3
Affiliations

Community Structure, Drivers, and Potential Functions of Different Lifestyle Viruses in Chaohu Lake

Yu Zheng et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Viruses, as the most prolific entities on Earth, constitute significant ecological groups within freshwater lakes, exerting pivotal ecological roles. In this study, we selected Chaohu Lake, a representative eutrophic freshwater lake in China, as our research site to explore the community distribution, driving mechanisms, and potential ecological functions of diverse viral communities, the intricate virus-host interaction systems, and the overarching influence of viruses on global biogeochemical cycling.

Keywords: Chaohu Lake viruses; auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs); lytic viruses; temperate viruses; virus community structure; virus–host linkage.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Microbial community structure in Chaohu Lake. (A) The numbers of MAGs classification. (B) Community compositions (phylum level) of bacterial and archaea by 16S rRNA. The groups are labeled as follow: ‘CE’ and ‘CW’ means the central part of the eastern and western Chaohu Lake, respectively. The final letters ‘S’ and ‘W’ stand for sediment and lake water, respectively. Numbers from small to large represent layers from surface to deeper water.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Viral community structures. Community compositions (family level) of lytic (A) and temperate (B) viruses. The groups are labeled as follow: ‘CE’ and ‘CW’ means the central part of the eastern and western Chaohu Lake, respectively. The final letters ‘S’ and ‘W’ stand for sediment and lake water, respectively. Numbers from small to large represent layers from surface to deeper water.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Viral community diversity. PCoA of lytic (A) and temperate (B) viral communities based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity. Chao1 (C,E) and Shannon (D,F) indices of the different lifestyle viral community diversity. The number of asterisks denotes the statistical significance level (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Environmental drivers of prokaryote, lytic, and temperate viral relative abundance. Line color represents Mantel’s p and line width represents Mantel’s r. The number of asterisks denotes the statistical significance level (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001). TP: total phosphorus; TN: total nitrogen; MC: moisture content; EC: electric conductivity; DOC: dissolved organic carbon.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Predicted virus–host linkages. From left to right are viral lifestyle, viral taxonomy (family level), host taxonomy (phylum level), host taxonomy (domain level).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Function and abundance of AMGs. The relative abundances of AMGs of lytic (A) and temperate (B) viruses. The groups are labeled as follow: ‘CE’ and ‘CW’ means the central part of the eastern and western Chaohu Lake, respectively. The final letters ‘S’ and ‘W’ stand for sediment and lake water, respectively. Numbers from small to large represent layers from surface to deeper water.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) Gene-sharing network of Chaohu Lake and other environmental virus sequences. (B) Venn diagram of shared viral clusters.
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