Comparison of ten policy options to equitably reduce children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing

Abstract

Objective: Reducing children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing is crucial to combat childhood obesity. We aimed to estimate the reduction of children's exposure to food marketing under different policy scenarios and assess exposure differences by socio-economic status.

Design: Data on children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing were compiled from a previous cross-sectional study in which children (n 168) wore wearable cameras and Global Positioning System (GPS) units for 4 consecutive days. For each exposure, we identified the setting, the marketing medium and food/beverage product category. We analysed the percentage reduction in food marketing exposure for ten policy scenarios and by socio-economic deprivation: (1) no product packaging, (2) no merchandise marketing, (3) no sugary drink marketing, (4) no confectionary marketing in schools, (5) no sugary drink marketing in schools, (6) no marketing in public spaces, (7) no marketing within 400 m of schools, (8) no marketing within 400 m of recreation venues, (9) no marketing within 400 m of bus stops and (10) no marketing within 400 m of major roads.

Setting: Wellington region of New Zealand.

Participants: 168 children aged 11-14 years.

Results: Exposure to food marketing varied by setting, marketing medium and product category. Among the ten policy scenarios, the largest reductions were for plain packaging (60·3 %), no sugary drink marketing (28·8 %) and no marketing in public spaces (22·2 %). There were no differences by socio-economic deprivation.

Conclusions: The results suggest that plain packaging would result in the greatest decrease in children's exposure to food marketing. However, given that children are regularly exposed to unhealthy food marketing in multiple settings through a range of marketing mediums, comprehensive bans are needed to protect children's health.

Keywords: Children; Food advertising; Food marketing; Health policy; Obesity.

Fig. 1

Percentage reduction (95 % CI) in children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing under different scenarios by household socio-economic deprivation. Policy bans: Scenario 1 = No marketing on product packaging. Scenario 2 = No marketing of sugary drinks. Scenario 3 = No marketing on merchandise. Scenario 4 = No marketing of confectionary in schools. Scenario 5 = No marketing of sugary drinks in schools. Scenario 6 = No outdoor marketing in public places. Scenario 7 = No outdoor marketing within 400 m of schools. Scenario 8 = No outdoor marketing within 400 m of recreational venues. Scenario 9 = No outdoor marketing within 400 m of bus stops. Scenario 10 = No outdoor marketing within 400 m of major roads