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Review
. 2024 Apr 12;9(16):17784-17807.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00923. eCollection 2024 Apr 23.

Multifaceted Materials for Enhanced Osteogenesis and Antimicrobial Properties on Bioplastic Polyetheretherketone Surfaces: A Review

Ziyang Bai  1   2 , Yifan Zhao  1   2 , Chenying Cui  1   2 , Jingyu Yan  1   2 , Danlei Qin  1   2 , Jiahui Tong  1   2 , Hongyi Peng  1   2 , Yingyu Liu  1   2 , Lingxiang Sun  1   2 , Xiuping Wu  1   2 , Bing Li  1   2 , Xia Li  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Multifaceted Materials for Enhanced Osteogenesis and Antimicrobial Properties on Bioplastic Polyetheretherketone Surfaces: A Review

Ziyang Bai et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Implant-associated infections and the increasing number of bone implants loosening and falling off after implantation have become urgent global challenges, hence the need for intelligent alternative solutions to combat implant loosening and falling off. The application of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in biomedical and medical therapy has aroused great interest, especially because its elastic modulus close to bone provides an effective alternative to titanium implants, thereby preventing the possibility of bone implants loosening and falling off due to the mismatch of elastic modulus. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in surface modifications to prevent bone binding deficiency and bacterial infection after implantation of bone implants, starting with inorganics for surface modification, followed by organics that can effectively promote bone integration and antimicrobial action. In addition, surface modifications derived from cells and related products of biological activity have been proposed, and there is increasing evidence of clinical potential. Finally, the advantages and future challenges of surface strategies against medical associated poor osseointegration and infection are discussed, with promising prospects for developing novel osseointegration and antimicrobial PEEK materials.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Review of strategies for enhancing osteogenic and antimicrobial properties with polyetheretherketone surface modification.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Surface modification strategies of inorganic substances. (a) Inorganic substances increase the contact area of the PEEK surface. SEM image of the cross-section of the amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) coated PEEK sample. Copyright 2017 Elsevier. (b)The surface antibacterial ability of Cu-coated PEEK was improved, and the proportion of dead bacteria on the surface was increased. Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (c) The surface osteogenic properties and bone-binding properties of PEEK loaded with hydroxyapatite (HA) were enhanced. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. (d) Black phosphorus (BP) is helpful to the antibacterial properties of PEEK surface and tumor ablation properties under the photothermal effect and enhances the bone regeneration properties. Copyright 2022 Elsevier.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Surface modification strategies of organic compounds. (a) The polymer increased the contact area of the PEEK surface and enhanced the bone bonding ability of the PEEK surface. Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (b) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a Chinese herbal extract, was loaded on the PEEK surface. Copyright 2023 Elsevier. (c) Loading of the osteoporosis drug alendronate (ALN) on the PEEK surface enhanced the surface osseous association. Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (d) PEEK surfaces loaded with antimicrobial peptides showed good antimicrobial properties. Copyright 2019 Elsevier.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Surface modification strategies of organic compounds. (a) The loading of noncoding RNA on the PEEK surface contributed to immune regulation and enhanced peripheral bone binding around bone implants. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. (b) Liposomes (APN) on the surface of PEEK promoted bone regeneration and osteounion around bone implants. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.
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