Local Anaesthesia for Enzymatic Debridement of Cutaneous Burns: A Prospective Analysis of 27 Cases
- PMID: 38680904
- PMCID: PMC11044729
Local Anaesthesia for Enzymatic Debridement of Cutaneous Burns: A Prospective Analysis of 27 Cases
Abstract
Enzymatic debridement (ED) is increasingly used for cutaneous burns. Compared with surgical debridement, ED has better preservation of viable dermis, less blood loss and autografting, however ED is painful. Current recommendations suggest local anaesthesia (LA) is useful for minor burns, but the evidence base is minimal. In our centre, we routinely use LA with good analgesic effect. This study was a single-centre, prospective analysis conducted at the Queen Victoria Hospital (UK). Patients had at least superficial partial thickness burns and received subcutaneous LA prior to ED during a 1-year period (October 2019-September 2020). Pain was assessed using a numeric scale of 1-10, recorded before, during and after the procedure. In total, 27 patients were included (n=17 males) with a median age of 47 (18-88 years). The mean total burn surface area was 1.5% (0.3-5.0). Treated sites included head and neck (1), trunk (5), upper limb (9) and lower limb (16). The most used LAwas bupivacaine 0.25% (n=25), followed by lidocaine 1% (n=2). Some required additional oral analgesia (n=8) or a regional blockade (n=2). Average pain score during debridement was 1.9 We have found LA effective, with favourable pain scores in comparison to previous studies with oral analgesia or regional blockade. LA is quick and easy to perform, as opposed to nerve blocks, which require trained personnel with ultrasound guidance. LA is a useful analgesic for patients with minor cutaneous burns undergoing ED. In some cases, it is sufficient without additional oral analgesia or regional blockade.
Le débridement enzymatique (DE) des brûlures est de plus en plus utilisé, ayant l’avantage d’être moins hémorragique et plus respectueux des tissus sains que la chirurgie, au prix d’une douleur plus importante. Les recommandations actuelles suggèrent l’utilisation de l’anesthésie locale (AL) sur les petites zones, avec un niveau de preuve minime. Dans notre centre, nous utilisons régulièrement l’AL, avec un bon effet analgésique. Cette étude a été conduite dans le CTB de l’hôpital Queen Vicoria (Royaume Uni). Durant 1 année (octobre 2019- septembre 2020), les patients devant bénéficier d’un DE recevaient préalablement une AL par infiltration. La douleur a été évaluée par échelle numérique (0 à 10) avant, pendant et après la procédure. Nous avons étudié 27 patients dont 17 hommes, d’âge médian 47 ans (18 à 88), brûlés en moyenne sur 1,5% (0,3 à 5), sur le cou (1), le tronc (5), le membre supérieur (9) et le membre supérieur (16). La bupivacaïne 0,25% a été la plus utilisée (25 fois), la lidocaïne 1% l’étant anecdotiquement (2 fois). Une analgésie complémentaire a été 10 fois nécessaire : orale 8 fois, régionale 2 fois. La douleur procédurale était cotée à 1,9 en moyenne. Nous estimons que l’AL est efficace, avec des scores de douleur favorables comparativement aux analgésies orale ou régionale. À la différence des analgésies régionales qui nécessitent un personnel entraîné et un écho- guidage, l’AL est facile et rapide. Elle peut être suffisante à elle seule pour le DE de brûlures minimes.
Keywords: NexoBrid; burns; enzymatic debridement; local anaesthesia.
© 2023 Euro-Mediterranean Council for Burns and Fire Disasters.
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