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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Apr 29;24(1):508.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03668-7.

Exploring the bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and dyslipidemia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Wanting Ma #  1   2 , Zhaolei Zou #  1 , Lisa Yang  3 , Dongjia Lin  1 , Junyi Guo  1 , Zhongyan Shan  1 , Qiannan Hu  1 , Zhi Wang  1 , Bin Li  4 , Juan Fang  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Exploring the bi-directional relationship between periodontitis and dyslipidemia: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Wanting Ma et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Aim: As periodontitis and dyslipidemia are diseases that occur with high incidence, the relationship between them has attracted much attention. Previous studies on these diseases have tended to focus on lipid parameters and periodontitis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive search to identify the studies investigating the relationship between dyslipidemia and periodontitis was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library before the date of August, 2023. Studies were considered eligible if they contained data on abnormal blood lipid parameters and periodontitis. Studies that reported mean differences and 95% confidence intervals or odds ratios were used.

Results: A total of 73 publications were included in the meta-analysis. Hyper total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are risk factors for periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for high TG and low HDL levels. Three months after periodontal treatment, the levels of TC, TG and HDL were significantly improved, and statin treatment only improved gingival index (GI) levels compared to that of the dietary control.

Conclusions: The findings reported here suggest that the mutual promotion of periodontitis and dyslipidemia can be confirmed. Non-surgical periodontal therapy may improve lipid abnormalities. It can't be demonstrated whether systematic application of statins have a better effect on the improvement in periodontal status in patients with dyslipidemia compared to that of the control.

Keywords: Blood lipid treatment; Dyslipidemia; Meta-analysis; Periodontal treatment; Periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the screening process in this study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of mean difference for comparisons:periodontitis versus non-periodontitis. (a) periodontitis have high serum TC level; (b) periodontitis have high serum TG level; (c) periodontitis have high serum LDL level; (d) periodontitis have low serum HDL level; (e) periodontitis have high serum VLDL level. Abbreviations: TC:Total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of mean difference for comparisons:periodontitis versus non-periodontitis. (a) periodontitis have high serum TC level; (b) periodontitis have high serum TG level; (c) periodontitis have high serum LDL level; (d) periodontitis have low serum HDL level; (e) periodontitis have high serum VLDL level. Abbreviations: TC:Total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of OR values for different lipids levels with the risk of periodontitis. a high TC level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis; (b) high TG level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis; (c) high LDL level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis; (d) low HDL level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis. Abbreviations: TC:Total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of OR values for different lipids levels with the risk of periodontitis. a high TC level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis; (b) high TG level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis; (c) high LDL level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis; (d) low HDL level is associated with the high risk of periodontitis. Abbreviations: TC:Total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of OR values for periodontitis with the risk of dyslipidemia. a periodontitis is associated with the high risk of hyper TG; (b) periodontitis is associated with the high risk of low HDL. Abbreviations: TG: triglycerides, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, CP: Chronic Periodontitis
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot of mean difference for comparisons: dyslipidemia versus non- dyslipidemia (a) dyslipidemia have deeper PD; (b) dyslipidemia have more CAL (c) dyslipidemia have more BOP but not significant; (d) dyslipidemia have bigger PI; (e) dyslipidemia have bigger GI but not significant, Abbreviations: PD: probing depth, CAL: clinical attachment level, BOP: bleeding on probing, PI: plaque index, GI: gingival index
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest plot of mean difference for comparisons: periodontal treatment versus non-treatment among periodontitis patients. (a1–2) periodontitis treatment can decrease the TC level after 3 months; (b1–2) periodontitis treatment can decrease the TG level after 3 months; (c1–2) periodontitis treatment can increase the HDL level after 3 months; (d1–2) periodontitis treatment do not significantly decrease the LDL level after 3 months. Abbreviations: TC:Total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest plot of mean difference for comparisons: periodontal treatment versus non-treatment among periodontitis patients. (a1–2) periodontitis treatment can decrease the TC level after 3 months; (b1–2) periodontitis treatment can decrease the TG level after 3 months; (c1–2) periodontitis treatment can increase the HDL level after 3 months; (d1–2) periodontitis treatment do not significantly decrease the LDL level after 3 months. Abbreviations: TC:Total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Forest plot of mean difference for comparisons: lipid-lowering treatment versus non-treatment among hyperlipidemia patients. a lipid-lowering treatment can decrease PD; (b) lipid-lowering treatment do not significantly decrease CAL (c) lipid-lowering treatment do not significantly decrease BOP; (d) lipid-lowering treatment do not significantly decrease PI; (e) lipid-lowering treatment can decrease GI. Abbreviations: PD: probing depth, CAL: clinical attachment level, BOP: bleeding on probing, PI: plaque index, GI: gingival index
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