Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Apr 15;91(Spec Issue):5-18.
doi: 10.5114/jhk/183917. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Effects of Eccentric Speed during Front Squat Conditioning Activity on Post-activation Performance Enhancement of Hip and Thigh Muscles

Petr Stastny  1 , Dominik Kolinger  1 , Anna Pisz  1 , Michał Wilk  1   2 , Jan Petruzela  1 , Michał Krzysztofik  2
Affiliations

Effects of Eccentric Speed during Front Squat Conditioning Activity on Post-activation Performance Enhancement of Hip and Thigh Muscles

Petr Stastny et al. J Hum Kinet. .

Abstract

The phenomenon of post-activation performance enhancement plays an unidentified role in movement eccentric speed and individual muscle group responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the loaded front squat (FSq) speed of the eccentric phase would influence the post-activation performance enhancement effect and whether the FSq would elicit similar performance enhancement of knee flexion, knee extension, hip flexion, and hip extension muscles. Twenty resistance-trained handball players performed the FSq under maximum eccentric-concentric speed and 2-s eccentric speed (only the eccentric phase performed), while pre- and post-front squat countermovement jump, knee, and hip isokinetic flexion/extension performance were tested. The FSq conditioning activity was performed in a single set of three repetitions with either 90% (maximum eccentric-concentric speed) or 120% (2-s eccentric speed) of one repetition maximum, and post-performance was measured 4-12 min after the FSq. Athletes randomly changed the FSq eccentric speed and tested the hip or knee isokinetic flexion/extension strength at 180°/s. ANOVA showed that the rate of force development during the jump increased (Cohen d = 0.59-0.77) with no differences between 2-s eccentric and maximum speed eccentric protocols. Isokinetic strength increased after the 2-s eccentric FSq in hip extension (d = 0.76-0.86), knee flexion (d = 0.74-0.88), and hip flexion (d = 0.82), with no differences in knee extension strength. After maximum eccentric-concentric speed, isokinetic strength increased in hip extension (d = 1.25). In conclusion, the FSq conditioning activity enhances hip extensors' performance more than knee extensors' performance. Different eccentric types of muscle action during a conditioning activity alter the level of local muscle enhancement.

Keywords: complex training; handball; isokinetic; post-activation potentiation; power training.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest directly relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The timeline of front squat conditioning activities, the countermovement jump, and isokinetic testing during four experimental sessions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Jump performance before and after front squat conditioning activity at 200 and XXX tempo protocols *Significant difference to pre-CA; CA = conditioning activity
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hip joint net force (moment) before and after front squat conditioning activity at 200 and XXX tempo protocols. *Significant difference to pre-CA, CA = conditioning activity
Figure 4
Figure 4
Knee joint net force (moment) before and after the front squat conditioning activity at the 200 and XXX tempo protocols. *Significant difference to pre-CA, CA = conditioning activity
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Aagaard, P. (2018). Spinal and supraspinal control of motor function during maximal eccentric muscle contraction: Effects of resistance training. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(3), 282–293. 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.06.003 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anderson, B. R., Bogomolovas, J., Labeit, S., & Granzier, H. (2010). The effects of PKCα phosphorylation on the extensibility of titin’s PEVK element. Journal of Structural Biology, 170(2), 270–277. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Araya-Ibacache, M., Aedo-Muñoz, E., Carreño-Ortiz, P., Moya-Jofré, C., Prat-Luri, A., & Cerda-Kohler, H. (2022). Dynamic stretching increases the eccentric rate of force development, but not jump height in female volleyball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 84(1), 158–165. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Batista, M. A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., Lotufo, R., Ricard, M. D., & Tricoli, V. A. (2007). Intermittent exercise as a conditioning activity to induce postactivation potentiation. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 837–840. - PubMed
    1. Beato, M., de Keijzer, K., Fleming, A., Coates, A., La Spina, O., & Coratella, G. (2020). Post flywheel squat vs. flywheel deadlift potentiation of lower limb isokinetic peak torques in male athletes. Sports Biomechanics, 22(11), 1514–1527. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources