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. 2024 Apr 30;6(2):124-131.
doi: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01101.

Coronary artery stenosis in Japanese people living with HIV-1 with or without haemophilia

Ran Nagai  1 , Mikiko Ogata  2 , Shuji Kubota  1 , Masaya Yamamoto  1 , Haruka Uemura  2 , Junko Tanuma  2 , Hiroyuki Gatanaga  2 , Hisao Hara  1 , Shinichi Oka  2 , Yukio Hiroi  1
Affiliations

Coronary artery stenosis in Japanese people living with HIV-1 with or without haemophilia

Ran Nagai et al. Glob Health Med. .

Abstract

An extremely high prevalence (12.2%) of moderate-to-severe coronary artery stenosis (CAS) was documented in asymptomatic Japanese haemophiliacs living with HIV-1 (JHLH) in our previous study. The cause of this phenomenon remains unknown. We conducted the CAS screening in people living with HIV-1 without haemophilia (PLWH without haemophilia) to compare the prevalence of CAS in JHLH and PLWH without haemophilia and to identify the risk factors including inflammation markers. Ninety-seven age-matched male PLWH without haemophilia who consulted our outpatient clinic between June and July 2021 were randomly selected, and 69 patients who provided informed consent were screened for CAS using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). The number of JHLH cases was 62 in this study. The prevalence of moderate (> 50%) to severe (> 75%) CAS was significantly higher in JHLH [14/57 (24.6%) vs. 6/69 (8.7%), p = 0.015], and the ratio of CAS requiring urgent interventions was significantly higher [7 (12.3%) vs. 1 (1.4%), p = 0.013] in JHLH than in PLWH without haemophilia. Among the inflammatory markers, serum titres of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (p < 0.05) in JHLH were significantly higher than those in PLWH without haemophilia. Although some patient demographics were different in the age-matched study, it might be possible to speculate that intravascular inflammation might promote CAS in JHLH.

Keywords: HIV; Japanese; coronary artery stenosis; coronary computed tomography; haemophilia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study flow and patient selection. (A) Ninety-seven age- and gender-matched Japanese non-haemophiliacs living with HIV-1 in the previous study were randomly selected at AIDS Clinical Centre (ACC), National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Among them, 69 patients gave written informed consent and received CCTA. If moderate-to-severe CAS were suspected on CCTA, CAG or cardiac perfusion scintigraphy was performed. Patients with severe stenosis who required urgent treatment underwent PCI. (B) After completion of the previous study, 11 new Japanese haemophiliacs living with HIV-1 (JHLH) consulted ACC. Subsequently, there were 87 JHLH in ACC during the study. Among them, five additional cases participated in the study and received CCTA. Thus, 62 cases received CCTA in JHLH. CCTA, coronary computed tomography angiography; CAS, coronary artery stenosis; CAG, coronary angiography; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Box plot of PWV. PWV was measured in PLWH without haemophilia in this study, and the results were compared with those of JHLH in the previous study. PWV, pulse wave velocity; JHLH, Japanese haemophiliacs living with HIV-1; PLWH without haemophilia, Japanese non-haemophiliacs living with HIV-1.
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