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. 2024 Jun;32(6):102082.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102082. Epub 2024 Apr 22.

The utility of serum glucose potassium ratio as a predictive factor for haemorrhagic transformation, stroke recurrence, and mortality among ischemic stroke patients

Faisal F Alamri  1   2   3 , Daniyah A Almarghalani  4   5 , Eman A Alraddadi  1   3 , Abdullah Alharbi  6 , Hajar S Algarni  7 , Oyoon M Mulla  7 , Abdullah M Alhazmi  7 , Turki A Alotaibi  7 , Deema H Beheiry  7 , Abdullah S Alsubaie  8 , Ahmed Alkhiri  8   9 , Yasser Alatawi  10 , Mohammad S Alzahrani  11 , Alqassem Y Hakami  3   9 , Aser Alamri  8 , Khalid Al Sulaiman  12   13   14   15
Affiliations

The utility of serum glucose potassium ratio as a predictive factor for haemorrhagic transformation, stroke recurrence, and mortality among ischemic stroke patients

Faisal F Alamri et al. Saudi Pharm J. 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Background and objective: Glucose-Potassium Ratio (GPR) has emerged as a biomarker in several pathophysiological conditions. However, the association between GPR and long-term outcomes in stroke patients has not been investigated. Our study evaluated the applicability of baseline GPR as a predictive prognostic tool for clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: The multicenter retrospective cohort study included acute-subacute adult ischemic stroke patients who had their baseline serum GPR levels measured. Eligible patients were categorized into two sub-cohorts based on the baseline GPR levels (<1.67 vs. ≥ 1.67). The primary outcome was the incidence of 30-day hemorrhagic transformation, while stroke recurrence, and all-cause mortality within twelve months, were considered secondary.

Results: Among 4083 patients screened, 1047 were included in the current study. In comparison with GPR < 1.67 group, patients with ≥ 1.67 GPR had a significantly higher ratio of all-cause mortality within twelve months (aHR 2.07 [95 % CI 1.21-3.75] p = 0.01), and higher ratio of 30-day hemorrhagic transformation but failed to reach the statistical significance (aHR 1.60 [95 % CI 0.95-2.79], p = 0.08).

Conclusion: Overall, baseline GPR serum is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality within twelve months in patients with acute and subacute ischemic stroke. Further clinical studies are necessary to validate these findings.

Keywords: Brain Injury; Brain Ischemia; Glucose; Mortality; Potassium; Stroke.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the study population and the selecting criteria of eligible patients with acute or subacute ischemic stroke.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparison of study endpoints according to GPR levels.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Kaplan-Meier curve comparing (a) 12-month all-cause mortality, (b) 30-Day Hemorrhagic Transformation, and (c) 12-month stroke recurrence between GRP levels.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of adjusted hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) from multivariable cox proportional hazard regression analyses of study endpoints.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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