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Review
. 2024 Mar 30;16(3):e57288.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.57288. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Multifaceted Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): A Literature Review of Incidence, Treatment Modalities, and Outcomes

Hoi K Choi  1 , Madhurima Maity  2 , Mohammed Qureshi  3 , Ali Haider  4 , Sagar Kapadia  5 , Sofia Fuerte  6 , Simon Antony  7 , Waleed Razzaq  8 , Anum Akbar  9
Affiliations
Review

Multifaceted Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): A Literature Review of Incidence, Treatment Modalities, and Outcomes

Hoi K Choi et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

The global repercussions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include substantial worldwide mortality and have brought to light existing gaps in healthcare systems. Particularly, diseases requiring time-sensitive treatment, such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), have faced significant challenges due to the impact and revelations of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare infrastructure. This review addresses the impact of the pandemic on STEMI, exploring incidence, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes. Through a critical examination of existing literature, the intricate relationship between the pandemic and cardiovascular health, specifically STEMI, is elucidated. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the management of STEMI, with changes in hospitalization rates, treatment strategies, and the presentation of the disease posing significant challenges. The contradictory results of COVID-19 and post-vaccine myocardial infarction, as well as gender differences in reported cases, highlight the need for further research to clarify these relationships.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; covid-19; covid-19 vaccination; myocardial infarction; st-elevation myocardial infarction (stemi).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Treatment of STEMI.
MI: myocardial infarction; P2Y12: purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction Source: [13]
Figure 2
Figure 2. Comparison of STEMI outcomes during pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic.
FMC: first medical contact; HQI: health quality indicator; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction Sources: [35,56]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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