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. 2024 May 1;24(1):461.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08949-8.

Incidence and risk factors of post COVID-19 syndrome: a Tunisian cohort study

Imen Zemni  1   2   3 , Amel Gara  4   5 , Cyrine Bennasrallah  4   5   6 , Salma Ezzar  7 , Meriem Kacem  4   5   6 , Roua Chokri  4 , Amani Maatouk  4   5 , Hela Abroug  4   5   6 , Wafa Dhouib  4   5   6 , Manel Ben Fredj  4   5   6 , Ines Bouanene  4   5 , Asma Sriha Belguith  4   5   6
Affiliations

Incidence and risk factors of post COVID-19 syndrome: a Tunisian cohort study

Imen Zemni et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: It has become increasingly clear that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent physical and mental health problems lasting weeks or months, requiring prolonged periods of clinical care and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. This phenomenon, known as post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), is a relatively new condition, its incidence is still unclear and differs between studies.

Objectives: In this cohort study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of PCS and to identify its risk factors in the Tunisian population.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the triage unit of the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia. between April 2021 and June 2022. Patients were contacted by phone for a follow-up evaluation of PCS 12- weeks after the diagnosis date.

Results: A total of 1451 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, responded to the follow-up evaluation after 3 months. The incidence of PCS was found to be 44.03% (95% CI [41.47; 46.58]), with fatigue being the most common symptom (21.5%), followed by cognitive impairment (10.3%), including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main associated factors to PCS were female gender (RR = 1.54; CI95% [1.30 - 1.82]), pre-existing comorbidities (RR = 1.30; CI95% [1.10 - 1.52]), duration of acute COVID-19 illness (days) (RR = 1.02; CI95% [1.01 - 1.03]), hospitalization (RR = 1.27; CI95% [1.05 - 1.53]), number of COVID-19 episodes (RR = 1.46; CI 95% [1.28 - 1.67]) and patients having receive two or more doses of vaccine prior to COVID-19 infection (RR = 0.82; CI95% [0.70 - 0.96]).

Conclusion: Our study allowed to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of PCS. Recognizing these factors could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and guide interventions for prevention and management of this condition.

Keywords: Incidence; Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; Prospective studies; Risk factors; Tunisia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Percentages of the main Post COVID-19 symptoms after 12-Week Follow-Up among 1451 patients diagnosed between April 2021 and June 2022 in Monastir, Tunisia
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparison of duration of the acute phase of disease between groups with and without post COVID-19 Syndrome among 1451 patients diagnosed between April 2021 and June 2022 in Monastir, Tunisia
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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