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. 2024 Jan 29;17(1):10.16910/jemr.17.1.1.
doi: 10.16910/jemr.17.1.1. eCollection 2024.

Selecting the Appropriate Speed for Rotational Elements in Human-Machine Interfaces: A Quantitative Study

Mu Tong  1 , Shanguang Chen  1 , Wenzhe Tang  1 , Yu Zhang  1 , Chengqi Xue  1
Affiliations

Selecting the Appropriate Speed for Rotational Elements in Human-Machine Interfaces: A Quantitative Study

Mu Tong et al. J Eye Mov Res. .

Abstract

The motion of rotation, which served as a dynamic symbol within human-computer interfaces, has garnered extensive attention in interface and graphic design. This study aimed to establish speed benchmarks for interface design by exploring visual system preferences for the perception of both simple and complex rotating icons within the velocity range of 5-1800 degrees per second. The research conducted two experiments with 12 participants to examine the observers' just noticeable difference in speed (JNDS) and perceived speed for rotational icons. Experiment one measured the JNDS over eight-speed levels using a constant stimulus method, achieving a range of 14.9-29%. Building on this, experiment two proposed a sequence of speeds within the given range and used a rating scale method to assess observers ' subjective perception of the speed series' rapidity. The findings indicated that speed increases impacted the ability to differentiate between speeds; key points for categorizing low, medium, and high speeds were identified at 10, 180, and 720 degrees/s, respectively. Shape complexity was found to modulate the visual system's perception of actual speed, such that at rotation speeds above 180 degrees/s, complex icons appeared to rotate faster than simpler ones. Most importantly, the study applied quantitative methods and metrology to interface design, offering a more scientific approach to the design workflow.

Keywords: Human-Machine Interface; Just Noticeable Difference In Speed; Motion Perception; Perceived speed; Threshold Measurement.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declare(s) that the contents of the article are in agreement with the ethics described in http://biblio.unibe.ch/portale/elibrary/BOP/jemr/ethics.html and that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The Application of Rotating Elements in Human-Computer Interfaces (The rotation symbol is used to indicate the speed of water and energy flow).
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The Application of Rotating Elements in Human-Computer Interfaces (The rotation symbol is used to indicate the speed of water and energy flow).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Design of simple and complex line segments, as well as schematic diagrams of rotation on the screen.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Diagram of the single trial process for two experiments
(1)
(1)
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Calculation of JNDS by the method of linear interpolation (when the speed was 180 degrees/s)
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The Weber scores line chart expressed the trend of JNDS changes with speed.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The line graph and mean plot describe how the perceived scale scores change with speed.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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