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Review
. 2024 Mar 31;16(3):e57357.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.57357. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Advancements and Applications of Preimplantation Genetic Testing in In Vitro Fertilization: A Comprehensive Review

Sravya Gudapati  1 , Kamlesh Chaudhari  1 , Deepti Shrivastava  1 , Seema Yelne  2
Affiliations
Review

Advancements and Applications of Preimplantation Genetic Testing in In Vitro Fertilization: A Comprehensive Review

Sravya Gudapati et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has become an integral component of assisted reproductive technology (ART), offering couples the opportunity to screen embryos for genetic abnormalities before implantation during in vitro fertilization (IVF). This comprehensive review explores the advancements and applications of PGT in IVF, covering its various types, technological developments, clinical applications, efficacy, challenges, regulatory aspects, and future directions. The evolution of PGT techniques, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), has significantly enhanced the accuracy and reliability of genetic testing in embryos. PGT holds profound implications for the future of ART by improving IVF success rates, reducing the incidence of genetic disorders, and mitigating the emotional and financial burdens associated with failed pregnancies and genetic diseases. Recommendations for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers include staying updated on the latest PGT techniques and guidelines, exploring innovative technologies, establishing clear regulatory frameworks, and fostering collaboration to maximize the potential benefits of PGT in assisted reproduction. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of PGT and its implications for the field of reproductive medicine.

Keywords: assisted reproductive technology (art); comparative genomic hybridization (cgh); genetic screening; in vitro fertilization (ivf); next-generation sequencing (ngs); preimplantation genetic testing (pgt).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Types of preimplantation genetic testing
PGT-A: Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies, PGT-M: Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders, PGT-SR: Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
Figure 2
Figure 2. Shows screening for chromosomal abnormalities
PGT-A: Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies, PGT-M: Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders, PGT-SR: Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
Figure 3
Figure 3. Psychological and ethical considerations in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) utilization
The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
Figure 4
Figure 4. Technical challenges and limitations of current preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) methods
The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
Figure 5
Figure 5. Ethical concerns surrounding embryo selection and genetic manipulation
The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
Figure 6
Figure 6. Future prospects for overcoming challenges in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) implementation
The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
Figure 7
Figure 7. Potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)
The corresponding author Seema Yelne created this figure
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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