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. 2024 Jul:162:105693.
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105693. Epub 2024 Apr 30.

Exploring the impact of music on response to ketamine/esketamine: A scoping review

Mina Kheirkhah  1 , Allison C Nugent  2 , Alicia A Livinski  3 , Lucinda Neely  4 , Sara C Johnson  5 , Ioline D Henter  4 , Shahaboddin Dabaghi Varnosfaderani  6 , Rebecca B Price  7 , Nadia Hejazi  4 , Mani Yavi  4 , Hamidreza Jamalabadi  8 , Nooshin Javaheripour  9 , Martin Walter  10 , Carlos A Zarate Jr  4
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Exploring the impact of music on response to ketamine/esketamine: A scoping review

Mina Kheirkhah et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Music and ketamine are both known to affect therapeutic outcomes, but few studies have investigated their co-administration. This scoping review describes the existing literature on the joint use of music and ketamine-or esketamine (the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine)-in humans. The review considers that extant studies have explored the intersection of ketamine/esketamine and music in healthy volunteers and in patients of various age groups, at different dosages, through different treatment processes, and have varied the sequence of playing music relative to ketamine/esketamine administration. Studies investigating the use of music during ketamine anesthesia are also included in the review because anesthesia and sedation were the early drivers of ketamine use. Studies pertaining to recreational ketamine use were omitted. The review was limited to articles published in the English language but not restricted by publication year. To the best of our knowledge, this scoping review is the first comprehensive exploration of the interplay between music and ketamine/esketamine and offers valuable insights to researchers interested in designing future studies.

Keywords: Anesthesia; Esketamine; Ketamine; Music.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Carlos A. Zarate Jr, is listed as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of ketamine in major depression and suicidal ideation; as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine, (S)-dehydronorketamine, and other stereoisomeric dehydroxylated and hydroxylated metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine metabolites in the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain; and as a co-inventor on a patent application for the use of (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine and (2 S,6 S)-hydroxynorketamine in the treatment of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorders. He has assigned his patent rights to the U.S. government but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the government. All other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose, financial or otherwise.

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