Advances in preclinical surgical therapy of cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, resulting in millions of deaths annually. Currently, there are still some deficiencies in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Innovative surgical treatments are currently being developed and tested in response to this situation. Large animal models, which are similar to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, and genetics, play a crucial role in connecting basic research and clinical applications. This article reviews recent preclinical studies and the latest clinical advancements in cardiovascular disease based on large animal models, with a focus on targeted delivery, neural regulation, cardiac remodeling, and hemodynamic regulation. It provides new perspectives and ideas for clinical translation and offers new methods for clinical treatment.

Figure 1

Targeted therapy versus conventional treatment modalities. Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 2

Mitochondrial changes in myocardial infarction. Infusion of mitochondria and mitochondria-related peptides can improve cardiac function. Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 3

The location of neural regulation. The left image shows the sites of neural regulation studied, including the vagus/sympathetic nerves in the neck, the vagus nerve in the spinal cord, and the sympathetic nerves in the renal and visceral arteries. The right image shows the symptoms targeted by neural regulation, including resistant hypertension, intractable arrhythmias, and heart failure. Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 4

Methods for improving myocardial remodeling. One approach involves excision/ablation of internal cardiac tissues, including excision of interventricular septum, excision of muscle trabecula and intramyocardial cerclage radiofrequency ablation. Another approach involves altering the shape of the heart using materials, including organization filling, duct shaping, and soft material wrapping. Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 5

Surgical sites for improving intracardiac hemodynamics. The new techniques encompass interventions for mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and ventricular septal defect. The device images are selected from relevant articles^–. Created with BioRender.com.