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. 2024 May 3;14(1):10224.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59936-1.

Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth and their antibacterial activity

Morad G S S Al-Asbahi  1 , Bashir A Al-Ofiry  2 , Fuad A A Saad  3 , Adnan Alnehia  4 , Murad Q A Al-Gunaid  5
Affiliations

Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth and their antibacterial activity

Morad G S S Al-Asbahi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles offers numerous advantages, including ease of production, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In our research, we focused on the bioformation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a combination of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth. These AgNPs were then evaluated for their biological activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our study involved the isolation of Bacillus sp. from soil samples and Lactobacillus sp. from raw milk in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial properties of the AgNPs were assessed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results demonstrated that the use of a bacterial mixture for biosynthesis led to faster and more effective production of AgNPs compared to using a single bacterium. The UV-visible spectra showed characteristic peaks indicative of silver nanoparticles, while XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized particles. FTIR results suggested the presence of capping proteins that contribute to the synthesis and stability of AgNPs. Furthermore, TEM images revealed the size and morphology of the AgNPs, which exhibited spherical shapes with sizes ranging from 4.65 to 22.8 nm. Notably, the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was found to be more pronounced against Staphylococcus aureus than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents. Overall, our study highlights the promising antibacterial properties of AgNPs synthesized by a mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of utilizing different bacterial combinations for enhanced nanoparticle synthesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Color change to a dusky orange in the middle flask that contains a mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth which indicates the formation of AgNPs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV–Vis absorption spectra of AgNPs synthesized using (A) mixture Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth (B) the growth each bacteria individually.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Rate synthesis silver nanoparticles according to time.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD spectra of AgNPs synthesized using mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth (LB) and Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth separately (L and B).
Figure 5
Figure 5
FTIR spectra of AgNPs synthesized using mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth (LB) and Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth separately (L and B).
Figure 6
Figure 6
TEM images of AgNPs synthesized by (a) mixture Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth; (b) Lactobacillus sp. (c) Bacillus sp.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Effectiveness tests against bacteria for AgNPs synthesized by a mixture Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. (LB), Lactobacillus sp. (L) and Bacillus sp. (B): (b) Diagram showing silver nanoparticles synthesized by a mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth had greater antibacterial activity than silver nanoparticles synthesized by each bacteria separately.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Hemolysis of RBCs caused by AgNPs at different concentrations (3.9–500 μg/mL), physiological solution (negative control), and distilled water (positive control).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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