Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jul:124:106988.
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106988. Epub 2024 Apr 30.

Definition, diagnosis and classification of infection-related movement disorders: Consensus proposal

Soaham Desai  1 , Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim  2 , Divyani Garg  3 , Ravi Yadav  4 , Diego Iacono  5 , Yoshikazu Ugawa  6 , Prashanth Lk  7 , Charulata Sankhla  8 , Francisco Cardoso  9 , Susanne A Schneider  10 , Pramod Kumar Pal  11
Affiliations
Review

Definition, diagnosis and classification of infection-related movement disorders: Consensus proposal

Soaham Desai et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Infection-related movement disorders (IRMD) present a complex diagnostic challenge due to the broad phenotypic spectrum, the variety of possible infectious aetiologies, and the complicated underlying mechanisms. Yet, a comprehensive framework for classifying IRMD is lacking.

Methods: An international consensus panel under the directives of the Movement Disorders Society Infection-Related Movement Disorders Study Group developed a comprehensive definition and a consensus classification system. Case scenarios were used for validation.

Results: A definition for IRMD and a two-axis-based classification system consisting of six descriptors are proposed, intended as tools for researchers and clinicians. Collected information on clinical characteristics, investigational findings, the infectious organism and presumed pathogenesis facilitate the evaluation of diagnostic certainty.

Conclusion: The proposed framework will serve for optimised diagnostic algorithms, systematic aggregation of informative datasets across studies, and ultimately improved care and outcome of patients with IRMDs.

Keywords: Classification; Definition; Infections-related; Movement disorders.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr Diego Iacano works for USSUHS. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily representative of those of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), the Department of Defense (DOD), the United States Army, Navy, or Air Force, any other US government agency and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

LinkOut - more resources