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Review
. 2024 May 1:18:1469-1495.
doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S447496. eCollection 2024.

Advances in Nanotechnology for Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Yifan Liu  1 , Yushan Liang  2 , Jing Yuhong  3 , Peng Xin  1 , Jia Li Han  4 , Yongle Du  5 , Xinru Yu  3 , Runhe Zhu  6 , Mingxun Zhang  6 , Wen Chen  7 , Yingjie Ma  7
Affiliations
Review

Advances in Nanotechnology for Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Yifan Liu et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. .

Abstract

This manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology's impact on the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, with a focus on BCS Class II and IV drugs. We explore various nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs), including lipid-based, polymer-based, nanoemulsions, nanogels, and inorganic carriers. These systems offer improved drug efficacy, targeting, and reduced side effects. Emphasizing the crucial role of nanoparticle size and surface modifications, the review discusses the advancements in NDDSs for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Challenges such as production cost and safety are acknowledged, yet the potential of NDDSs in transforming drug delivery methods is highlighted. This contribution underscores the importance of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical engineering, suggesting it as a significant advancement for medical applications and patient care.

Keywords: drug delivery systems; nanotechnology; pharmaceutical engineering; poorly soluble drugs; solubility and bioavailability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and Feasible Formulation Choices Based on BCS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Basic Principles of Nanodrug Delivery Systems. (A) Working Principles of Nanodrug Delivery Systems. (B) Two structures of liposomes:SLN and NLC. (C) The absorption process of nanodrug delivery systems using SLN as carriers to encapsulate TKIs in the gastrointestinal tract. (D) The advantages of NLC as a carrier for Northaritin. (E) Polymer micelles and vesicles. (F) FA-PGA-PTX micelles can selectively enter FR positive cancer cells through receptor mediated endocytosis. (G) Structural basis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs encapsulated in polymer vesicles. (H) Multiphase nanoemulsion. (I) Enhanced permeability and retention effect. (J) Degradation of nano hydrogel under photochemical conditions. (K) Working Principle of Inorganic Nanocarriers. (L) The Structure and Advantages of Dendritic Polymers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of improving the solubility of insoluble drugs through nano drug delivery systems. (A) Transnasal administration using liposome nanodelivery system. (B) The mechanism of receptor mediated transport and adsorption mediated transport breaking through the blood-brain barrier. (C) Surface modification technology to improve drug targeting. (D) Direct and indirect modification methods. (E) Transferrin and Tamoxifen Modified Polymer Dendritic Polymer PAMAM for the Treatment of Brain Glioma. (F) Carrier mediated technology.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanism of Enhanced Cellular Uptake by Nanomedicine Drug Carriers.
Figure 5
Figure 5
pH-Responsive Mechanism.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Altering Lipid Surface Charge in Nano Drug Delivery Systems.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mechanism of Phagocytosis Avoidance by PEG-Modified Lipid Molecules.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Physiological Barriers During Drug Delivery to the Target.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Basic Mechanisms of Nanocarrier Action.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Types and Mechanisms of Specific Barriers.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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