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. 2024 Apr 23:8:100739.
doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100739. eCollection 2024.

Composite alginate-based hydrogel delivery of antioxidant pumpkin protein hydrolysate in simulated gastrointestinal condition

Zeinab Nooshi Manjili  1 , Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak  1 , Mohammad Ghorbani  1 , Hoda Shahiri Tabarestani  1 , Vahid Erfani Moghadam  2
Affiliations

Composite alginate-based hydrogel delivery of antioxidant pumpkin protein hydrolysate in simulated gastrointestinal condition

Zeinab Nooshi Manjili et al. Curr Res Food Sci. .

Abstract

Pumpkin seeds are rich in protein (24-36.5%). Some of them are consumed as nuts, while others are regarded as waste and used for feeding animals. Protein hydrolysates from pumpkin seeds possess some bioactive properties, such as anti-oxidant activity. In this work, various composite alginate hydrogels contain Aloe vera, CMC, and tragacanth have been employed to protect PSPH against degradation in simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGI) and regulate its release rate. The encapsulation efficiency of PSPH in plain alginate and beads with Aloe vera, CMC, and tragacanth combinations was 71.63, 75.63, 85.07, and 80.4%, respectively. The release rate of the plain alginate beads was %30.23 in the SGF and %52.26 in the SIF, and decreased in the composite-based beads. The highest decreasing rate in the antioxidant activity during SGI was observed in free PSPH, and the decreasing rate slowed down in the alginate-based composites. The swelling rate in plain alginate was %-23.43 and %25.43 in the SGF and SIF, respectively, and increased in the composite-based beads. The FTIR spectra of hydrogels before and after loading with PSPH showed identical absorption patterns and were similar to each other. Based on the data for SEM, it was revealed that substituting other polymers in polymer combinations with alginates resulted in a porosity reduction of the beads and smoother and more uniform surfaces. Based on the results, the combination of polysacchared with alginate could protect and increase the applicability of PSPH as a functional component in the food industry.

Keywords: Alginate-based hydrogel; Encapsulation efficiency; FTIR; Pumpkin seed protein hydrolysate (PSPH); Release rate; SEM.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Antioxidant activity of pumpkin seed protein hydrolysates (PSPH).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Encapsulation efficiency of PSPH of different hyrogel. Treat1: Alginate, Treat 2: Aloe-alginate, Treat 3: CMC-alginate, and Treat 4: Tragacanth-alginate. Data represent as mean value ± SD of at least three replicates.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The release patterns of hydrogel contained PSPH in A, simulated gastric condition, and B, simulated intestinal condition. Treat 1: Alginate; Treat 2: Aloe-alginate; Treat 3: CMC-alginate; and Treat 4: Tragacanth-alginate. Data represent a mean value ± SD of at least n = 3.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The total antioxidant patterns of free PSPH and hydrogel contained PSPH in A, simulated gastric condition, and B, simulated intestinal condition. Treat 1: Alginate; Treat 2: Aloe-alginate; Treat 3: CMC-alginate; and Treat 4: Tragacanth-alginate. Data represent a mean value ± SD of at least n = 3.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The swelling amount of hydrogel contained PSPH in A, simulated gastric condition, and B, simulated intestinal condition. Treat 1: Alginate; Treat 2: Aloe-alginate; Treat 3: CMC-alginate; and Treat 4: Tragacanth-alginate. Data represent a mean value ± SD of at least n = 3.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
AFTIR spectra of free Alginate, Tragacanth, CaCL2, CMC, Aloe vera, and PSPH. BFTIR spectra of Alginate loaded with PSPH; CMC-alginate loaded with PSPH; Aloe-alginate loaded with PSPH and Tragacanth-alginate loaded with PSPH.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
AFTIR spectra of free Alginate, Tragacanth, CaCL2, CMC, Aloe vera, and PSPH. BFTIR spectra of Alginate loaded with PSPH; CMC-alginate loaded with PSPH; Aloe-alginate loaded with PSPH and Tragacanth-alginate loaded with PSPH.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
SEM images of Treat a: Alginate loaded with PSPH; Treat b: CMC-alginate loaded with PSPH; Treat c: Tragacanth-alginate loaded with PSPH; and Treat 4: Aloe-alginate loaded with PSPH.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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