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. 2024 Apr 19;9(17):19334-19344.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00254. eCollection 2024 Apr 30.

Nephroprotective Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Leaf Flavonoid Extracts via KIM-1 and TGF-1β Signaling Pathways in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats

Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye  1 , Courage Dele Famusiwa  1 , Daramola Mercy Nifemi  1 , Boluwatife Michael Ayodele  1 , Olapade Samuel Akinlolu  2 , Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki  3 , Abdelrahman O Ezzat  4 , Hamad A Al-Lohedan  4 , Sumeet Gupta  5 , Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye  6   7   8
Affiliations

Nephroprotective Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Leaf Flavonoid Extracts via KIM-1 and TGF-1β Signaling Pathways in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats

Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Diabetes-induced kidney damage represents a substantial health hazard, emphasizing the imperative to explore potential therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the nephroprotective activity of flavonoid-rich extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The flavonoid-rich extracts of H. sabdariffa leaves was obtained using a standard procedure. The animals were induced with streptozotocin and thereafter treated with both low (LDHSFL) and high doses (HDHSFL) of flavonoid-rich extracts from H. sabdariffa leaves and metformin (MET), and other groups are diabetic control (DC) and normal control (NC). The study assesses diverse renal parameters, encompassing kidney redox stress biomarkers, serum electrolyte levels, kidney inflammatory biomarkers, serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, kidney phosphatase activities, renal histopathology, and relative gene expressions of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-1β), comparing these measurements with normal and diabetic control groups (NC and DC). The findings indicate that the use of extracts from H. sabdariffa leaves markedly (p < 0.05) enhanced renal well-being by mitigating nephropathy, as demonstrated through the adjustment of various biochemical and gene expression biomarkers, indicating a pronounced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect, improved kidney morphology, and mitigation of renal dysfunction. These findings suggest that H. sabdariffa leaf flavonoid extracts exhibit nephroprotective properties, presenting a potential natural therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kidney redox stress biomarkers (A–F) of HSLF in diabetic rats. Each value is a mean of eight determinations ± SD. #p < 0.05 vs NC, *p < 0.05 vs DC. NC: normal control, DC: diabetic control, HSLF: flavonoid-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf, LDHSLF: diabetic rats were administered a low dose (150 mg/kg body weight) of a flavonoid-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf, HDHSLF: diabetic rats were administered a high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of a flavonoid-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf, MET: diabetic rats were administered 200 mg/kg of metformin, MDA: malondialdehyde, GSH: reduced glutathione GST: glutathione-S-transferase, CAT: Catalase, GPx: glutathione peroxidase, and SOD: superoxide dismutase.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Electrolyte levels (A–F) of HSLF in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kidney inflammatory biomarkers (A–C) of HSLF in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kidney photomicrograph examination of HSLF in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Stained with H&E (mag. ×800).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Creatinine (A), urea (B), and uric acid (C) concentrations of HSLF in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Kidney phosphatase activities (A,B) of HSLF in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Relative gene expressions of KIM-1 and TGF-1β of HSLF in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The proposed mechanism of action of HSLF weight.
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