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Practice Guideline
. 2024 Sep;69(9):641-687.
doi: 10.1177/07067437241245384. Epub 2024 May 6.

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes

Raymond W Lam  1 , Sidney H Kennedy  2 , Camelia Adams  3 , Anees Bahji  4 , Serge Beaulieu  5 , Venkat Bhat  2 , Pierre Blier  6 , Daniel M Blumberger  2 , Elisa Brietzke  7 , Trisha Chakrabarty  1 , André Do  8 , Benicio N Frey  9 , Peter Giacobbe  2 , David Gratzer  2 , Sophie Grigoriadis  2 , Jeffrey Habert  10 , M Ishrat Husain  2 , Zahinoor Ismail  4 , Alexander McGirr  4 , Roger S McIntyre  2 , Erin E Michalak  1 , Daniel J Müller  2 , Sagar V Parikh  11 , Lena C Quilty  2 , Arun V Ravindran  2 , Nisha Ravindran  2 , Johanne Renaud  5 , Joshua D Rosenblat  2 , Zainab Samaan  9 , Gayatri Saraf  6 , Kathryn Schade  12 , Ayal Schaffer  2 , Mark Sinyor  2 , Claudio N Soares  7 , Jennifer Swainson  13 , Valerie H Taylor  4 , Smadar V Tourjman  8 , Rudolf Uher  14 , Michael van Ameringen  9 , Gustavo Vazquez  7 , Simone Vigod  2 , Daphne Voineskos  2 , Lakshmi N Yatham  1 , Roumen V Milev  7
Affiliations
Practice Guideline

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 Update on Clinical Guidelines for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l'humeur et de l'anxiété (CANMAT) 2023 : Mise à jour des lignes directrices cliniques pour la prise en charge du trouble dépressif majeur chez les adultes

Raymond W Lam et al. Can J Psychiatry. 2024 Sep.

Abstract
in English, French

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) last published clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in 2016. Owing to advances in the field, an update was needed to incorporate new evidence and provide new and revised recommendations for the assessment and management of MDD in adults.

Methods: CANMAT convened a guidelines editorial group comprised of academic clinicians and patient partners. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses published since the 2016 guidelines. Recommendations were organized by lines of treatment, which were informed by CANMAT-defined levels of evidence and supplemented by clinical support (consisting of expert consensus on safety, tolerability, and feasibility). Drafts were revised based on review by patient partners, expert peer review, and a defined expert consensus process.

Results: The updated guidelines comprise eight primary topics, in a question-and-answer format, that map a patient care journey from assessment to selection of evidence-based treatments, prevention of recurrence, and strategies for inadequate response. The guidelines adopt a personalized care approach that emphasizes shared decision-making that reflects the values, preferences, and treatment history of the patient with MDD. Tables provide new and updated recommendations for psychological, pharmacological, lifestyle, complementary and alternative medicine, digital health, and neuromodulation treatments. Caveats and limitations of the evidence are highlighted.

Conclusions: The CANMAT 2023 updated guidelines provide evidence-informed recommendations for the management of MDD, in a clinician-friendly format. These updated guidelines emphasize a collaborative, personalized, and systematic management approach that will help optimize outcomes for adults with MDD.

Contexte: Le Réseau canadien pour les traitements de l’humeur et de l’anxiété (CANMAT) a publié les dernières lignes directrices cliniques pour le traitement du trouble dépressif majeur (TDM) en 2016. Grâce aux avancées dans le domaine, une mise à jour était nécessaire afin d’incorporer les nouvelles données probantes et de fournir des recommandations nouvelles et révisées pour l’évaluation et le traitement du TDM chez les adultes.

Méthodes: CANMAT a convoqué un groupe de rédaction des lignes directrices composé de cliniciens universitaires et de patients partenaires. Une revue systématique de la littérature a été menée, qui était axée sur les revues systématiques et les méta-analyses publiées depuis les lignes directrices de 2016. Les recommandations ont été organisées par lignes de traitement, qui ont été éclairées par les niveaux de preuve définis par CANMAT et complétées par un soutien clinique (constitué d'un consensus d'experts sur la sécurité, la tolérabilité et la faisabilité). Les ébauches ont été révisées sur la base d'un examen par des patients partenaires, d'un examen par des pairs experts et d'un processus de consensus d'experts défini.

Résultats: Les lignes directrices mises à jour comprennent huit sujets principaux, sous forme de questions et réponses, qui cartographient le parcours de soins du patient, de l'évaluation à la sélection de traitements fondés sur des données probantes, en passant par la prévention des récidives et les stratégies en cas de réponse inadéquate. Les lignes directrices adoptent une approche personnalisée des soins qui met l’accent sur la prise de décisions partagée, qui reflète les valeurs, les préférences et les antécédents de traitement du patient souffrant de TDM. Les tableaux offrent de nouvelles recommandations mises à jour pour les traitements psychologiques, pharmacologiques, de style de vie, de médecine complémentaire et al.ternative, de santé numérique et de neuromodulation. Les mises en garde et les limites des preuves sont mises en évidence.

Conclusions: Les lignes directrices mises à jour de CANMAT 2023 fournissent des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes pour la prise en charge du TDM, dans un format convivial pour les cliniciens. Ces lignes directrices mises à jour mettent l'accent sur une approche de gestion collaborative, personnalisée et systématique qui contribuera à optimiser les résultats pour les adultes souffrant de TDM.

Keywords: adult psychiatry; clinical practice guidelines; depressive disorders; electroconvulsive therapy; evidence-based medicine; major depressive disorder; pharmacotherapy; psychotherapy; systematic reviews.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Camelia Adams has nothing to disclose. Anees Bahji has nothing to disclose. Serge Beaulieu reports research grants, personal fees, and/or nonfinancial support from Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), DiaMentis, Idorsia, Eisai, Janssen, and Otsuka-Lundbeck. Venkat Bhat reports research grants from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, AMS, Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation, CIHR, Department of Defense, Eisai, New Frontiers in Research Fund, Novartis, Ontario Ministry of Health, Roche, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and the University of Toronto. Pierre Blier received research grants and/or personal fees from Abbvie, Allergan, CIHR, Janssen, Lundbeck, Merck, Ontario Brain Institute (OBI), Otsuka, Pfizer, University of Ottawa Medical Research Fund, and VilaNova. Daniel M. Blumberger reports research grants, nonfinancial support, and/or other support from Brain Canada, CIHR, Magventure, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Welcony Inc. Elisa Brietzke reports research grants from Queen’s University Centre for Neuroscience and the PSI Foundation. Trisha Chakrabarty has nothing to disclose. Dr. André Do reports research grants and/or personal fees from AbbVie, CIHR, Janssen, and Otsuka. Benicio N. Frey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Peter Giacobbe reports research grants from CIHR and salary support from the Academic Scholars Fund, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto. David David Gratzer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sophie Grigoriadis reports personal fees from the Canadian Pharmacists Association, Norton, and UptoDate. Jeffrey Habert reports research grants, personal fees and/or other support from Abbvie, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, Bausch, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Elvium, GSK, HLS, Idorsia, Janssen, Lundbeck, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Valeo. M. Ishrat Husain reports research grants and/or other support from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Foundation, CIHR, COMPASS Pathfinder, MindSet Pharma, Psyched Therapeutics, University of Toronto, and Wake Network. Zahinoor Ismail reports personal fees from Lundbeck and Otsuka. Sidney H. Kennedy reports research grants, personal fees and/or other support from Abbott, Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Brain Canada, Canada’s Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR), CIHR, -, Janssen, Lundbeck, Merck, -, OBI, Otsuka, - Servier, and Sunovion. Raymond W. Lam reports research grants, personal fees and/or other support from AbbVie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Bausch, BC Leading Edge Endowment Fund, Brain Canada, CANMAT, Carnot, CIHR, Grand Challenges Canada, Healthy Minds Canada, Janssen, Lundbeck, Michael Smith Health Research BC, MITACS, Neurotorium, OBI, Otsuka, Pfizer/Viatris, Unity Health, and VGH-UBCH Foundation. Alexander McGirr reports other support from Allergan Canada; he holds a patent 63/193,643 pending. Roger S. McIntyre reports research grants and/or personal fees from Abbvie, Alkermes, Atai Life Sciences, Axsome, Bausch, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Braxia Scientific Corp., CIHR, Eisai, Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, Intra-Cellular, Janssen, Kris, Lundbeck, Milken Institute, Mitsubishi Tanabe, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Neumora Therapeutics, Neurocrine, NewBridge Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Pfizer, Purdue, Sage, Sanofi, Sunovion, Takeda, and Viatris. Erin E. Michalak reports research grants from the Otsuka-Lundbeck Alliance. Roumen V. Milev reports research grants and/or personal fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND), CIHR, Eisai, Janssen, KYE, Lallemand, Lundbeck, Neonmind, Nubiyota, OBI, Ontario Mental Health Foundation, Otsuka, and Sunovion. Daniel J. Müller reports research grants or personal fees from CAMH AFP Innovation Fund, CAMH Foundation, CIHR, Novagenic, Nubiyota, and OBI. Sagar V. Parikh is the Medical Director for the National Network of Depression Centers and reports research grants, honoraria and/or personal fees from Aifred, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Medscape, Mensante, Merck, Myriad/Assurex, Otsuka, and Sage; and private shares in Mensante. Lena S. Quilty has nothing to disclose. Arun V. Ravindran has nothing to disclose. Nisha Ravindran has nothing to disclose. Johanne Renaud has nothing to disclose. Joshua D. Rosenblat reports research grants and/or personal fees from Academic Scholars Award, Allergan, American Psychiatric Association, American Society of Psychopharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Braxia Health (Chief Medical and Scientific Officer of Braxia Scientific; Medical Director of the Canadian Rapid Treatment Centre of Excellence [Braxia Health]), Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Canadian Cancer Society, Canadian Psychiatric Association, CIHR, COMPASS, iGan, Janssen, Joseph M. West Family Memorial Fund, Labatt Brain Health Network, Lundbeck, Physician Services Inc. (PSI) Foundation, Sunovion, Timeposters Fellowship, University Health Network Centre for Mental Health, and University of Toronto. Zainab Samaan has nothing to disclose. Gayatri Saraf has nothing to disclose. Kathryn Schade has nothing to disclose. Ayal Schaffer reports personal fees from AbbVie, Lundbeck, and Otsuka. Mark Sinyor has nothing to disclose. Claudio N. Soares reports research grants and/or personal fees from Bayer, Boehinger-Ingelheim, Clairvoyant Therapeutics, Diamond Therapeutics, Eisai, OBI, and Otsuka, Jennifer Swainson reports personal fees, nonfinancial support, and/or other support from AbbVie, Bausch, Eisai, Idorsia, Janssen, Lundbeck, Newly Institute, and Otsuka. Valerie H. Taylor has nothing to disclose. Smadar V. Tourjman reports personal fees from AbbVie, Elvium, Esai, Idorsia, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, Sunovion, and Takeda. Rudolf Uher has nothing to disclose. Michael van Ameringen reports research grants, personal fees, and/or other support from Abbvie, Bausch Health, Biohaven, Boehringer Ingelheim, CIHR, Elvium (Purdue), Jazz, Lundbeck, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Otsuka, Sunovion, Takeda, UptoDate, and Vistagen. Gustavo Vazquez reports personal fees for Abbvie, Allergan, Asofarma, Elea/Phoenix, Eurofarma, Gador, Janssen, Lundbeck/Otsuka, NeonMind Biosciences, Psicofarma, Raffo, Sunovion, and Tecnofarma. Simone Vigod reports royalties from UpToDate. Daphne Voineskos holds the Labatt Family Professorship in Depression Biology, a University Named Professorship at the University of Toronto; she reports research grants from CIHR, CAMH, Centre for Mental Health at University Health Network, Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto, and the National Institute of Mental Health. Lakshmi N. Yatham reports research grants and/or personal fees from Abbvie, Alkermes, Allergan, Dainippon Sumitomo, Gedeon Richter, GSK, Intracellular Therapies, Merck, Sanofi, and Sunovion.

Figures

Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1.
Principles of clinical assessment and management of major depressive disorder.
Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.1.
Algorithm for sequential treatment after suboptimal response to initial antidepressant medication.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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