Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 May 2:16:183-192.
doi: 10.2147/HIV.S455885. eCollection 2024.

Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay  1 , Tizazu Endalew  2 , Tilahun Yemanu Birhan #  1 , Achenef Asmamaw Muche #  1
Affiliations

Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay et al. HIV AIDS (Auckl). .

Abstract

Background: Second-line antiretroviral treatment failure has become a major public health issue, and the time to treatment failure among second-line ART clients varies globally, and the Sub-Saharan African region having a high rate of second-line ART treatment failures. In addition, after the ART treatment guideline changed there is limited information on Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess time to treatment failure and its determinants among second-line ART clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Methods: A multi-centered retrospective follow-up study was conducted. A random sample of 860 people on second-line ART was selected by using a computer-generated simple random sampling technique from January 30, 2016, to January 30, 2021, at the University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, Felege Hiwot Compressive Specialized Referral Hospital, and Debre Tabor Compressive Specialized Referral Hospital, in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Data was captured using a checklist.

Results: A total of 81 (9.4%) ART clients developed second-line treatment failure, with a median follow-up time of 29 months with an interquartile range (IQR: 18, 41]. The risk of second-line treatment failure is higher among patients aged 15 to 30 years (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.16, 3.48]). Being unable to read and write (AHR = 1.312, 95% CI: [1.068, 1.613]), and poor ART drug adherence (AHR = 3.067, 95% CI: [1.845, 5.099]) were significant predictors of second-line ART treatment failures.

Conclusion: In the current study, the time to second-line ART treatment failure was high compared with a previous similar study in Ethiopia. Factors like being younger age, ART clients who are not being able to read and write, and having poor ART drug adherence was significant predictors of second-line ART treatment failure.

Keywords: Amhara region; Ethiopia; HIV/AIDS; retrospective study; second-line ART; treatment failure.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overall Kaplan-Meier estimate for second-line ART clients on treatment in Amhara region, Ethiopia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. World Health Organization WHO. WHO fact sheet; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids. Accessed April 29, 2024.
    1. World Health Organization Africa Health topics HIV/AIDS; 2018. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/hivaids#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%2.... Accessed April 29, 2024.
    1. Demsie DG, Bantie AT, Allene MD, Alema NM, Gebrie D. Antiretroviral treatment failure among HIV-positive adults taking first-line therapy and associated risk factors at Adigrat General hospital, Adigrat, Ethiopia 2019: a cross sectional study. Int J Surg Open. 2020;26:16–21. doi:10.1016/j.ijso.2020.08.001 - DOI
    1. Ethiopian factsheets UC. ETHIOPIA, FEDERAL MINSTRY OF HEALTH; 2021. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/ethiopia. Accessed April 29, 2024.
    1. Ethiopia F. National Consolidated Guidelines for Comprehensive HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment. Addis Ababa: Fmoh; 2018:1–238.

LinkOut - more resources