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. 2024 May 1;7(5):e2410441.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10441.

Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Variance Across Social Strata

Katherine L Bottenhorn  1   2 , Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez  1 , Jared N Schachner  3 , Michael A Rosario  1 , Kathryn L Mills  4 , Angela R Laird  5 , Megan M Herting  1
Affiliations

Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Variance Across Social Strata

Katherine L Bottenhorn et al. JAMA Netw Open. .
No abstract available

Plain language summary

This cohort study explores variability in neurodevelopment across sociodemographic factors among youths.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Herting reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Health Effects Institute during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Significant Differences in Variance in Annual Rates of Structural and Functional Brain Development Along Sociodemographic Strata
A and B, Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental variance across sociodemographic factors, including race and ethnicity (A) and household income (B), for cortical thickness (left), functional fluctuations (middle), and white matter microstructure (right). Cortical thickness is thought to reflect dendritic arborization and pruning. Functional fluctuations (middle) quantify the temporal variance of the blood oxygen level–dependent signal from functional MRI and are thought to reflect neural flexibility. White matter microstructure (right) refers to fractional anisotropy, a measure of white matter integrity that continues to mature across childhood and adolescence. Color coding indicates the negative logarithm of the F − K statistic P value, representing the degree of inhomogeneity of variance across strata, per sociodemographic variable. In the left and middle columns (ie, cortical thickness and functional fluctuations), 4 views of the brain’s surface are presented, including the left lateral (top left), right lateral (top right), left medial (bottom left), and right medial (bottom right). Because the right column presents white matter tracts inside the brain (ie, not on the cortical surface), only 2 views are presented, providing multiple angles from which to observe significantly heteroscedastic tracts. L indicates left; R, right.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Variance in Developmental Changes Within Cortical Regions and White Matter Tracts Along Sociodemographic Strata
A and B, Distribution of variance (x-axis) in annual rates of change, per brain region, in cortical thickness (left), functional fluctuations (middle), and white matter microstructure (ie, fractional anisotropy) (right). Distributions are color coded by strata across sociodemographic variables, including race and ethnicity (A) and household income (B). Caregiver education is not pictured. Statistically significant differences in variance (P < .01) were observed in (1) cortical thickness changes (top left) between non-Hispanic Black (hereinafter, Black) youths and both their Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (hereinafter, White) peers, (2) in functional fluctuations changes (top middle) between Black youths and their peers of each other race or ethnicity, and (3) in white matter microstructure changes (top right) between non-Hispanic Asian youths or youths of other race or ethnicity and White youths. Statistically significant differences were also observed (1) in cortical thickness (bottom left) and functional variance (bottom middle) changes between youths in households making less than $50 000 annually and households with incomes greater than $50 000 and (2) in white matter microstructure changes (bottom right) in youths in households making less than $50 000 annually and those in households with incomes greater than $100 000.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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