An updated framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants reflects the unpredictability of viral evolution

Lorenzo Subissi¹, James Richard Otieno², Nathalie Worp^{3

4}, Homa Attar Cohen², Bas B Oude Munnink^{3

4}, Laith J Abu-Raddad⁵, Erik Alm⁶, Amal Barakat⁷, Wendy S Barclay⁸, Jinal N Bhiman^{9

10}, Leon Caly¹¹, Meera Chand¹², Mark Chen¹³, Ann Cullinane¹⁴, Tulio de Oliveira¹⁵, Christian Drosten¹⁶, Julian Druce¹¹, Paul Effler¹⁷, Ihab El Masry¹⁸, Adama Faye¹⁹, Elodie Ghedin²⁰, Rebecca Grant², Bart L Haagmans^{3

4}, Christian Happi²¹, Belinda L Herring²², Emma B Hodcroft^{23

24}, Juniorcaius Ikejezie², Victoria Katawera²⁵, Zyleen Alnashir Kassamali², Yee-Sin Leo¹³, Gabriel M Leung²⁶, Rebecca J Kondor²⁷, Marco Marklewitz²⁸, Jairo Mendez-Rico²⁹, Nada M Melhem³⁰, Vincent Munster²⁰, Karen Nahapetyan²⁸, Dhamari Naindoo³¹, Djin-Ye Oh³², Thomas P Peacock^{8

33}, Malik Peiris²⁶, Zhibin Peng³⁴, Leo L M Poon²⁶, Andrew Rambaut³⁵, Senjuti Saha³⁶, Yinzhong Shen³⁷, Marilda M Siqueira³⁸, Erik Volz⁸, Sofonias K Tessema³⁹, Volker Thiel^{40

41}, Henda Triki⁴², Sylvie van der Werf⁴³, Karin von Eije^{2

3

4}, Jane Cunningham², Marion P G Koopmans^{3

4}, Anne von Gottberg^{9

10}, Anurag Agrawal⁴⁴, Maria D Van Kerkhove²

Affiliations

¹ World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. subissil@who.int.
² World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
³ Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
⁴ Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands.
⁵ Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
⁶ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷ World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt.
⁸ Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁹ National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁰ School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹¹ Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹² UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
¹³ National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁴ World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France.
¹⁵ Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
¹⁶ Charité Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁷ University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
¹⁸ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
¹⁹ Institut de Santé et Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
²⁰ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²¹ African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Disease, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria.
²² World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
²³ Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
²⁴ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²⁵ World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines.
²⁶ School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China.
²⁷ United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
²⁸ World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁹ World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA.
³⁰ Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
³¹ World Health Organization Regional Office for South East Asia, Delhi, India.
³² Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
³³ The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK.
³⁴ Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, The People's Republic of China.
³⁵ University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
³⁶ Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁷ Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China.
³⁸ Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³⁹ Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴⁰ Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴¹ Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴² Institut Pasteur Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
⁴³ Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
⁴⁴ Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, India.

PMID: 38720002
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02949-0

An updated framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants reflects the unpredictability of viral evolution

Lorenzo Subissi et al. Nat Med. 2024 Sep.

. 2024 Sep;30(9):2400-2403.

doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02949-0.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. subissil@who.int.
² World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
³ Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
⁴ Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands.
⁵ Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
⁶ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷ World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt.
⁸ Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁹ National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁰ School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹¹ Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹² UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
¹³ National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁴ World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France.
¹⁵ Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
¹⁶ Charité Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁷ University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
¹⁸ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
¹⁹ Institut de Santé et Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
²⁰ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²¹ African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Disease, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria.
²² World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
²³ Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
²⁴ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²⁵ World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines.
²⁶ School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China.
²⁷ United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
²⁸ World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁹ World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA.
³⁰ Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
³¹ World Health Organization Regional Office for South East Asia, Delhi, India.
³² Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
³³ The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK.
³⁴ Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, The People's Republic of China.
³⁵ University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
³⁶ Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁷ Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China.
³⁸ Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³⁹ Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴⁰ Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴¹ Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁴² Institut Pasteur Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
⁴³ Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
⁴⁴ Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, India.

PMID: 38720002
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02949-0

No abstract available

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References

1. Viana, R. et al. Nature 603, 679–686 (2022). - DOI - PubMed - PMC
1. Mykytyn, A. Z. et al. Sci. Immunol. 7, eabq4450 (2022). - DOI - PubMed
1. Hui, K. P. Y. et al. Nature 603, 715–720 (2022). - DOI - PubMed
1. Altarawneh, H. N. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 386, 1288–1290 (2022). - DOI - PubMed
1. Willett, B. J. et al. Nat. Microbiol. 7, 1161–1179 (2022). - DOI - PubMed - PMC

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An updated framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants reflects the unpredictability of viral evolution

Affiliations

An updated framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants reflects the unpredictability of viral evolution

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