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. 2024 May 8;32(1):14.
doi: 10.1186/s12998-024-00538-z.

Rehabilitation of back pain in the pediatric population: a mixed studies systematic review

Hainan Yu  1 , Danielle Southerst  2 , Jessica J Wong  2 , Leslie Verville  2 , Gaelan Connell  2 , Lauren Ead  2   3 , Silvano Mior  2   3 , Lise Hestbaek  4   5 , Michael Swain  6 , Ginny Brunton  2 , Heather M Shearer  2   3 , Efrosini Papaconstantinou  2 , Daphne To  3 , Darrin Germann  3 , Katie Pohlman  7 , Christine Cedraschi  8   9 , Carol Cancelliere  2
Affiliations

Rehabilitation of back pain in the pediatric population: a mixed studies systematic review

Hainan Yu et al. Chiropr Man Therap. .

Abstract

Background: A significant proportion of children and adolescents experience back pain. However, a comprehensive systematic review on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions is lacking.

Objectives: To evaluate benefits and harms of rehabilitation interventions for non-specific low back pain (LBP) or thoracic spine pain in the pediatric population.

Methods: Seven bibliographic electronic databases were searched from inception to June 16, 2023. Moreover, reference lists of relevant studies and systematic reviews, three targeted websites, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched. Paired reviewers independently conducted screening, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data related to study characteristics, methodology, subjects, and results. Certainty of evidence was evaluated based on the GRADE approach.

Results: We screened 8461 citations and 307 full-text articles. Ten quantitative studies (i.e., 8 RCTs, 2 non-randomized clinical trials) and one qualitative study were included. With very low to moderate certainty evidence, in adolescents with LBP, spinal manipulation (1-2 sessions/week over 12 weeks, 1 RCT) plus exercise may be associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing clinically important pain reduction versus exercise alone; and group-based exercise over 8 weeks (2 RCTs and 1 non-randomized trial) may reduce pain intensity. The qualitative study found information provided via education/advice and compliance of treatment were related to effective treatment. No economic studies or studies examining thoracic spine pain were identified.

Conclusions: Spinal manipulation and group-based exercise may be beneficial in reducing LBP intensity in adolescents. Education should be provided as part of a care program. The overall evidence is sparse. Methodologically rigorous studies are needed.

Trial registration: CRD42019135009 (PROSPERO).

Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Exercise; Low back pain; Rehabilitation; Spinal manipulation; Thoracic pain.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose.

Figures

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Fig. 1
Identification and Selection of Articles (PRISMA 2020 flow diagram)
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