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Review
. 2024 Apr 24:10:1266499.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1266499. eCollection 2023.

Porcine circovirus 3: a new challenge to explore

Rosecleer Rodrigues da Silva  1 , Diego Ferreira da Silva  1   2 , Victor Hugo da Silva  1 , Alessandra M M G de Castro  1
Affiliations
Review

Porcine circovirus 3: a new challenge to explore

Rosecleer Rodrigues da Silva et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The intensification of production processes, resulting from the rise in pork production, contributes to environmental changes and increased interaction between humans, animals, and wildlife. This favorable scenario promotes the spread of potent viral species, such as PCV3, increasing the potential for the emergence of new pathogenic agents and variants. These changes in the epidemiology and manifestation of PCV3 highlight the need for enhanced understanding and control. The current literature presents challenges in the classification of PCV3, with different groups proposing diverse criteria. Establishing common terminology is crucial to facilitate comparisons between studies. While consensus among experts is valuable, new approaches must be transparent and comparable to existing literature, ensuring reproducible results and proper interpretation, and positively impacting public health. This study aims to review the literature on PCV3 infection, exploring its key aspects and highlighting unanswered questions.

Keywords: PCR; emerging; hosts; porcine circovirus; swine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the PCV3 genome. Information for comparing the open reading regions (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3) and their encoded proteins (rep, rep’ and cap) among the four porcine circovirus species (PCV1, PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4) [Updated with information from Chen et al. (19), Klaumann et al. (20), and Ouyang et al. (14)].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Map representation indicating the countries where PCV3 infection has been detected (highlighted in red). The percentage of positive samples in pigs and other animals’ species is also displayed for each country, based on the available literature. In cases where multiple studies were conducted in a country (such as China, Spain, and Italy), the percentage was calculated based on the total number of samples tested across all studies, to obtain an average for the country (Source: author).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of potential occurrence PCV3 transmission route across different species is a potential occurrence based on the available literature. Continuous arrows indicate confirmed transmission. Dashed from commercial herds to triple-modified pigs’ herds for organ transplant.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overall prevalence (%) of pathogens involved in co-infections with PCV3 based on consulted literature.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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