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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 May 9;19(5):e0298525.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298525. eCollection 2024.

Dyslipidemia among adult HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and its association with age and body mass index in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abebe Muche Belete  1 , Daniel Molla Melese  1 , Bekalu Bewket  2 , Belachew Tegegne  2 , Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw  3   4 , Yared Asmare Aynalem  5 , Adisu Asefa  6 , Taklo Simeneh Yazie  7
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Dyslipidemia among adult HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and its association with age and body mass index in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abebe Muche Belete et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a common public health problem in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although evidence indicates that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is high, estimated pooled data are not well documented. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.

Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. The following databases and grey literature were searched: PubMed, WorldCat, ScienceDirect, DOAG, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and African Index Medicine. We included all comparative epidemiological studies that reported the prevalence of high concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein, and low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol that were published between January 2003 and July 2023. The random effects model was used to pool the outcome of interest. Additionally, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, and funnel plots were performed. R software Version 4.2.1 was used for statistical analysis.

Result: Seventeen studies with a total of 3929 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, elevated level of low density lipoprotein and low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 69.32% (95% CI: 63.33, 74.72), 39.78% (95%CI: 32.12, 47.96), 40.32% (95%CI: 34.56, 46.36), 28.58% (95%CI: 21.81, 36.46), and 36.17% (95%CI: 28.82, 44.24), respectively. Age and body mass index were associated with high total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Conclusion: The authors concluded that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Ethiopia is high in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. Early detection of dyslipidemia and its integration into treatment are essential for preventing cardiovascular disease.

Trial registration: Protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023440125).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram summarizing the selection process of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Pooled prevalence of high total cholesterol concentration.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Pooled prevalence of high triglyceride.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Pooled prevalence of high LDL-c concentration.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Pooled prevalence of HDL-c.
Fig 7
Fig 7. The effects of age and BMI on total cholesterol.
Fig 8
Fig 8. The effect of age and BMI on elevated levels of TG.
Fig 9
Fig 9. The effect of age and BMI on LDL.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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