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. 2024 Jul;212(1):136-144.
doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003983. Epub 2024 May 10.

High Prevalence of Psychological Comorbidities and Functional Neurological Symptoms in Women With Urinary Retention

Caroline Selai  1   2 , Cheng-Hung Lee  2 , Sara Simeoni  2 , Mahreen Pakzad  2 , Eileen Joyce  1   3 , Pany Petrochilos  3 , Khadija Rehrou Rantell  4 , Vasile Boico  1 , Jalesh N Panicker  2   5
Affiliations

High Prevalence of Psychological Comorbidities and Functional Neurological Symptoms in Women With Urinary Retention

Caroline Selai et al. J Urol. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose: Chronic idiopathic urinary retention (CIUR) in young women is poorly understood and a probable etiology is established only in around 40%, most commonly a primary disorder of external urethral sphincter relaxation, sometimes referred to as Fowler's syndrome. A high prevalence of psychological and functional comorbidities is reported, however these have been poorly characterized.

Materials and methods: Women consecutively referred for the assessment and management of CIUR were evaluated cross-sectionally for 13 psychological/behavioral domains using a structured clinical interview: depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other psychiatric history, functional neurological disorder, other functional syndromes, childhood and adult trauma, personality disorder, and self-harm (ever/current).

Results: A total of 91 women (mean age [SD]: 34 [11] years) were evaluated. Women with Fowler's syndrome (n = 69) were younger (mean age [SD]: 32 [9] vs 40 [13] years) than women without Fowler's syndrome and reported shorter mean duration of urinary symptoms (mean [SD]: 5 [6] vs 10 [9]). A high prevalence of psychiatric and psychological comorbidities was reported (97%) including current depression (77%), current anxiety (78%), and PTSD (32%). A high prevalence of functional neurological disorder (56%) and other functional symptoms (65%) was also reported. Self-harm was reported in (14%) and personality disorder in 16%. Childhood trauma was reported in 35% of women.

Conclusions: Young women with CIUR report a high burden of psychiatric disorders, affective symptoms, trauma, PTSD, self-harm, and functional neurological disorder, particularly in those with Fowler's syndrome. These factors can undermine the engagement with health care professionals and affect management and should therefore be addressed during the urological assessment.

Keywords: Fowler’s syndrome; chronic idiopathic urinary retention.

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