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. 2024 Apr 30;29(9):2076.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29092076.

Structural Characterization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Effects on Macrophages

Ruiding Wen  1 , Lu Luo  1 , Runcheng Zhang  1 , Xudong Zhou  1 , Wei Wang  1 , Limin Gong  1
Affiliations

Structural Characterization of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Effects on Macrophages

Ruiding Wen et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

A neutral Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (NPCP) was isolated and purified from Polygonatum cyrtonema by various chromatographic techniques, including DEAE-52 and Sephadex-G100 chromatography. The structure of NPCP was characterized by HPLC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR, and SEM. Results showed that NPCP is composed of glucose (55.4%) and galactose (44.6%) with a molecular weight of 3.2 kDa, and the sugar chain of NPCP was →1)-α-D-Glc-(4→1)-β-D-Gal-(3→. In vitro bioactivity experiments demonstrated that NPCP significantly enhanced macrophages proliferation and phagocytosis while inhibiting the M1 polarization induced by LPS as well as the M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in macrophages. Additionally, NPCP suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in both M1 and M2 cells but promoted the secretion of IL-10. These results suggest that NPCP could serve as an immunomodulatory agent with potential applications in anti-inflammatory therapy.

Keywords: Polygonatum cyrtonema; immunomodulatory activity; polysaccharide; structure characterization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
DEAE-52 cellulose column elution curves for NPCP (A) and Sephadex G-100 column elution curve for NPCP (B).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatogram of NPCP molecular weight analysis (A) and UV spectra of NPCP (B).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatograms of mannose (Man), glucuronic acid (GlcA), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Man), arabinose (Ara) standards (A) and NPCP (B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scanning electron microscopy images of NPCP (A) ×500, (B) ×1000, (C) ×2000, (D) ×3000.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of NPCP in the wavelength range of 4000–600 cm−1.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The 1H NMR (600 MHz) spectra (A) and 13C NMR (150 MHz) spectra (B) of NPCP in D2O.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The chemical structure of NPCP elucidated by 2D NMR. The HSQC (A), HMBC (B), 1H-1H COSY (C), and TOCSY (D) spectra of NPCP in D2O.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The deduced chemical structure of NPCP.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The effect of NPCP on the proliferation of macrophages detected by CCK8 assay (A) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages detected by neutral red assay (B). Values were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3) (** p < 0.01, compared to control group).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of NPCP on the expression of CD86 and CD206 in M1 (A) and M2 (B) macrophages. Secretions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 in M1 (C) and M2 (D) macrophages after treatment with NPCP for 24 h. Values were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3) (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared to control group).
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