Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Apr 29;25(9):4867.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25094867.

Temperature Effects on Expression Levels of hsp Genes in Eggs and Second-Stage Juveniles of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949

Łukasz Flis  1 , Tadeusz Malewski  1 , Renata Dobosz  2
Affiliations

Temperature Effects on Expression Levels of hsp Genes in Eggs and Second-Stage Juveniles of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949

Łukasz Flis et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Meloidogyne hapla is one of the most important nematode pathogens. It is a sedentary, biotrophic parasite of plants that overwinters in the soil or in diseased roots. The development of M. hapla is temperature dependent. Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of temperature on the development of M. hapla, but only a few of them analyzed the heat shock protein (hsp) genes. The aim of the study was to perform expression profiling of eight hsp genes (Mh-hsp90, Mh-hsp1, Mh-hsp4, Mh-hsp6, Mh-hsp60, Mh-dnj19, Mh-hsp43, and Mh-hsp12.2) at two development stages of M. hapla, i.e., in eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2). The eggs and J2 were incubated under cold stress (5 °C), heat stress (35 °C, 40 °C), and non-stress (10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C) conditions. Expression profiling was performed by qPCR. It was demonstrated that only two genes, Mh-hsp60 and Mh-dnj19, have been upregulated by heat and cold stress at both development stages. Heat stress upregulated the expression of more hsp genes than cold stress did. The level of upregulation of most hsp genes was more marked in J2 than in eggs. The obtained results suggest that the Mh-hsp90 and Mh-hsp1 genes can be used as bioindicators of environmental impacts on nematodes of the Meloidogyne genus.

Keywords: Meloidogyne hapla; bioindicator; expression; heat shock genes; incubation time; temperature.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Expression profiling of hsp genes in the Meloidogyne hapla at the developmental stage of the egg: (A) Mh-hsp90, (B) Mh-hsp1, (C) Mh-hsp4, (D) Mh-hsp6, (E) Mh-hsp60, (F) Mh-dnj19, (G) Mh-hsp43, (H) Mh-hsp12.2 after 1, 2, 8 and 24 h of incubation time at the indicated temperature. Control temperature was 20 °C. Average effects (marginal means) estimated for the best model identified in the model selection are presented. The dot indicates the value of the estimate, the whiskers indicate the 95% confidence interval of this estimate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Expression profiling of hsp genes in the Meloidogyne hapla at second-stage juveniles: (A) Mh-hsp90, (B) Mh-hsp1, (C) Mh-hsp4, (D) Mh-hsp6, (E) Mh-hsp60, (F) Mh-dnj19, (G) Mh-hsp43, (H) Mh-hsp12.2 after 1, 2, 8 and 24 h of incubation time at the indicated temperature. Control temperature—20 °C. Average effects (marginal means) estimated for the best model identified in the model selection are presented. The dot indicates the value of the estimate, the whiskers indicate the 95% confidence interval of this estimate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Incubation temperatures selected for the experiments (O–optimum temperature/control) (according to [32,33,36,67]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Wu X., Zhu X., Wang Y., Liu X., Chen L., Duan Y. The cold tolerance of the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0190531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190531. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Giné A., López-Gómez M., Vela M.D., Ornat C., Talavera M., Verdejo-Lucas S., Sorribas F.J. Thermal requirements and population dynamics of root-knot nematodes on cucumber and yield losses under protected cultivation. Plant Pathol. 2014;63:1446–1453. doi: 10.1111/ppa.12217. - DOI
    1. Zhao Y.L., Wang D.Y. Formation and regulation of adaptive response in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2012;2012:564093. doi: 10.1155/2012/564093. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weinstein D.J., Allen S.E., Lau M.C.Y., Erasmus M., Asalone K.C., Walters-Conte K., Deikus G., Sebra R., Borgonie G., Van Heerden E., et al. The genome of a subterrestrial nematode reveals adaptations to heat. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:5268. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13245-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fanelli E., Troccoli A., Tarasco E., De Luca F. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the Hb-hsp90-1 gene in relation to temperature changes in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Front. Physiol. 2021;12:615653. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.615653. - DOI - PMC - PubMed