Synergistic adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using a Z-scheme kaolin/g-C3N4/MoO3 nanocomposite: A sustainable approach for water treatment

Abstract

This research focuses on the synthesis and application of a novel kaolin-supported g-C₃N₄/MoO₃ nanocomposite for the degradation of tetracycline, an important antibiotic contaminant in water systems. The nanocomposite was prepared through a facile and environmentally friendly approach, leveraging the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of kaolin, g-C₃N₄ and MoO₃ nanoparticles, respectively. Comprehensive characterization of the nanocomposite was conducted using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical spectra. The surface parameters were studied using N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm. The elemental composition was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency of the developed nanocomposite in tetracycline degradation was evaluated and the results revealed an efficient tetracycline degradation exhibiting the synergistic effects of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation in the removal process. The tetracycline degradation was achieved in 60 min. Kinetic studies and thermodynamic analyses provided insights into the degradation mechanism, suggesting potential applications for the nanocomposite in wastewater treatment. Additionally, the recyclability and stability of the nanocomposite were investigated, demonstrating its potential for sustainable and long-term application in water treatment.

Keywords: Adsorption; Kaolin; Nanocomposite; Photocatalytic degradation; Tetracycline.