Thread Lifting Materials: A Review of Its Difference in Terms of Technical and Mechanical Perspective

Abstract

Thread lifting involves the use of slender materials, reminiscent of threads, for aesthetic procedures. These materials are distinct from traditional sutures and vary in composition, purpose, and performance. The introduction delves into the literal and material significance of threads, establishing the broad concept of thread lifting materials. The article revisits the evolution of thread lifting materials, emphasizing the preexistence of cog threads for tissue manipulation before their widespread adoption in plastic surgery. Observations regarding the efficacy and longevity of absorbable versus non-absorbable threads are discussed, stressing the efficiency of high-quality absorbable cog threads. The conclusion underlines the proliferation of thread lifting materials beyond PDO, highlighting the importance of considering multiple factors beyond duration when selecting threads for lifting procedures.

Keywords: Aesthetic procedures; PCL polycaprolactone; Poly-L-lactic acid; gold thread lifting; mesh scaffolds thread lifting; polydioxanone; silicone threads; thread lifting.

Figure 1

The figure illustrates the utilization of silicone threads (A), capitalizing on their elasticity, notably in obstetrics and gynecology for vaginal reconstruction. Elasticum lifting (B) involves a non-absorbable suture with a silicone monofilament core encapsulated in a polyester weaving, highlighting its sheath-like form.

Figure 2

The ultra-fine construction of gold threads minimizes metallic sensations within tissues. Earlier models comprising solely gold threads (A) had a propensity to dislodge due to their rigid nature. The incorporation of PDO threads alongside gold ones (B) facilitated better anchoring within the skin, compensating for gold’s slower tissue reaction compared to PDO threads.

Figure 3

The Silhouette Lift utilizing dissolvable PDO conical cones for tissue grip and tension instead of barbs. Non-absorbable threads secured to the temporal area through mesh ensured a sustained lifting effect post-dissolution of the PDO cones.

Figure 4

An alternative approach was observed, employing mesh-like structures in the thread middle portion for tissue manipulation. Tess Inc. Korea’s product incorporated elongated cylindrical mesh structures enhancing tissue adhesion, enabling sustained effects even after thread tension dissipation. However, concerns about incisions around the temporal region limited the widespread adoption of such products.