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Review
. 2024 Apr 10;16(2):971-979.
doi: 10.14336/AD.2024.0004.

Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Related Gonadal Dysfunction

Xi Wang  1   2 , Li Ma  2   3 , Sheng Jiang  2   4 , Junping Wen  2   5 , Zhaoli Yan  2   6 , Long Tian  2   7 , Shan Deng  1   2 , Boxian Huang  8 , Ilia Stambler  9   10 , Calogero Caruso  9   11 , Kyung-Jin Min  9   12 , Huanxing Su  9   13 , Kunlin Jin  9   14 , Jiangfeng Mao  1   2 , Xueyan Wu  1 , Qin Han  15 , Robert Chunhua Zhao  9   16   15
Affiliations
Review

Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Related Gonadal Dysfunction

Xi Wang et al. Aging Dis. .

Abstract

Aging-related hypogonadism involves complex mechanisms in humans, predominantly relating to the decline of multiple hormones and senile gonads. Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are the main manifestations in men, while premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and menopause are the main forms in women. Anti-aging measures include lifestyle modification and resistance training, hormonal supplementation, stem cell therapy, metformin, and rapamycin. In this expert consensus, the mechanisms, efficacy, and side effects of stem cell therapy on aging gonadal function are reviewed. Furthermore, various methods of stem cell therapy, administered intravenously, intracavernously, and intra-ovarially, are exemplified in detail. More clinical trials on aging-related gonadal dysfunction are required to solidify the foundation of this topic.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no pertinent financial or non-financial interests that the authors need to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The possible mechanisms of BMSCs in the treatment of POF. BMSCs can improve ovarian function by inducing angiogenesis, homing to the injured ovary, exerting anti-oxidative stress, producing paracrine effects, and improving the hormonal profile.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The possible mechanisms of BMSCs in the treatment of ED. BMSCs can improve ED by anti-fibrosis, promoting regeneration, anti-apoptosis, immunomodulation, paracrine effects, and neurotrophic effects on the cavernous nerves.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The possible mechanisms and clear outcomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of POF and ED. MSCs improve POF-induced hypogonadism and ED through the mechanisms of anti-oxidation, inducing angiogenesis, and paracrine effects. Clinical outcomes suggest that MSCs improve endometrium and reproductive function in females, and erectile function (IIEF scores) and sperm activity in males.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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