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. 2024 May 17:14:04084.
doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.04084.

Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030

Supei Hu  1   2 , Xianjiang Wu  3 , Hua Jiang  1
Affiliations

Trends and projections of the global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2030

Supei Hu et al. J Glob Health. .

Abstract

Background: We aimed to explore the burden of thyroid cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 and to project its future trends from 2020 to 2030.

Methods: Based on annual data on thyroid cancer cases from 1990 to 2019 available in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we calculated the age-standardised incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for thyroid cancer. We used the estimated annual percentage change (EPAC) to quantify the temporal trends in these age-standardised rates from 1990 to 2019 and applied generalised additive models to project the disease burden from 2020 to 2030.

Results: The global age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of thyroid cancer increased from 1990 to 2019, with a higher overall disease burden in women than in men at both study time points. The male-to-female ratios for the ASIR increased from 0.41 in 1990 to 0.51 in 2019, while the ratio for the age-standardised death rate (ASDR) increased from 0.60 to 0.82. The models predicted the United Arab Emirates would have the fastest rising trend in both the ASIR (estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) = 4.19) and age-standardised DALY rate (EAPC = 4.36) in 2020-30, while Saint Kitts and Nevis will have the fastest rising trend in the ASDR (EAPC = 2.29). Meanwhile, the growth trends for the ASDR and age-standardised DALY rate are projected to increase across countries in this period. A correlation analysis of the global burden of thyroid cancer between 1990-2019 and 2020-30 showed a significant positive correlation between the increase in the ASIR and socio-demographic index (SDI) in low-SDI and low-middle-SDI countries.

Conclusions: The global burden of thyroid cancer is increasing, especially in the female population and in low-middle-SDI regions, underscoring a need to target them for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in global thyroid cancer burden from 1990 to 2019 and projected rates from 2020 to 2030 using GAMs modelling. Panel A. ASIR. Panel B. ASDR. Panel C. Age-standardised DALY rate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trends in global thyroid cancer burden from 1990 to 2019 and projected rates from 2020 to 2030 using GAMs modelling, stratified by genders. Panel A. ASIR in men. Panel B. ASIR in women. Panel C. ASDR in men. Panel D. ASDR in women. Panel E. Age-standardized DALY rate in men. Panel F. Age-standardised DALY rate in women.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trends in global thyroid cancer burden from 1990 to 2019 and projected rates from 2020 to 2030 using GAMs modelling, stratified by age group. One age group every five years, with a total of 18 subgroups. Panel A. ASIR. Panel B. ASDR. Panel C. Age-standardised DALY rate.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trends in global ASIR burden for thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projected ASIR from 2020 to 2030 using the GAMs model, stratified by SDI region. Panel A. Global. Panel B. Low SDI. Panel C. Low-middle SDI. Panel D. Middle SDI. Panel E. High-middle SDI. Panel F. High SDI. ASIR – age-standardised incidence rate.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Trends in global ASDR burden for thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projected ASIR from 2020 to 2030 using the GAMs model, stratified by SDI region. Panel A. Global. Panel B. Low SDI. Panel C. Low-middle SDI. Panel D. Middle SDI. Panel E. High-middle SDI. Panel F. High SDI. ASIR – age-standardised incidence rate.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Trends in global age-standardised DALY rate burden for thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projected ASIR from 2020 to 2030 using the GAMs model, stratified by SDI region. Panel A. Global. Panel B. Low SDI. Panel C. Low-middle SDI. Panel D. Middle SDI. Panel E. High-middle SDI. Panel F. High SDI. ASIR – age-standardised incidence rate.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Correlation between EAPC from 1990 to 2019 and EAPC from 2020 to 2030 projected using GAMs modelling, by SDI region. Panel A. ASIR. Panel B. ASDR. Panel C. Age-standardised DALY rate.
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