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. 2024 May 1:15:1375232.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375232. eCollection 2024.

Association of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios and hypertension: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study

Yang Yang #  1 , Qi Sun #  1 , Shuang Ma  2 , Xiaodan Li  1 , Xinmiao Lang  1 , Qi Zhang  1   3
Affiliations

Association of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios and hypertension: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study

Yang Yang et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the association between the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference (CCR/WC) and hypertension.

Methods: The study utilized data extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. In the cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. By utilizing restricted cubic splines, potential non-linear associations between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension were explored. In the longitudinal analysis, the association between CCR/WC quartiles (Q1-Q4) and the risk of new-onset hypertension was evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results: In total, 7,253 participants were enrolled. The study unveiled an inverse association with hypertension, demonstrating an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.37, P < 0.001). Among males, an OR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.25-0.58, P < 0.001) was observed, while among females, an OR of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28-0.60, P < 0.001) was noted. There was an absence of a nonlinear association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. Cox regression analysis unveiled a reduced risk of hypertension in Q3 (Hazard ratios [HR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58-0.82, P < 0.001) and Q4: (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83, P < 0.001) in compared to the Q1 of the CCR/WC ratio, and sex-specific analysis yielded consistent results.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the potential association between an elevated CCR/WC ratio and a reduced risk of hypertension.

Keywords: abdominal obesity; cystatin C; hypertension; serum creatinine; waist circumference.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The workflow of study. CCR/WC: Ratio of Serum Creatinine to Cystatin C to Waist Circumference; CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; WC, waist circumference.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Restricted cubic spline analysis depicting the association between CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. CCR/WC: serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratio.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Survival curves illustrating the impact of CCR/WC quartiles on the risk of hypertension. The P value was calculated by the log-rank test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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