Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Dec;56(1):2352022.
doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2352022. Epub 2024 May 16.

Management of hypertension addressing hyperuricaemia: introduction of nano-based approaches

Koyeli Girigoswami  1 , Radhakrishnan Arunkumar  2 , Agnishwar Girigoswami  1
Affiliations
Review

Management of hypertension addressing hyperuricaemia: introduction of nano-based approaches

Koyeli Girigoswami et al. Ann Med. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Uric acid (UA) levels in blood serum have been associated with hypertension, indicating a potential causal relationship between high serum UA levels and the progression of hypertension. Therefore, the reduction of serum UA level is considered a potential strategy for lowering and mitigating blood pressure. If an individual is at risk of developing or already manifesting elevated blood pressure, this intervention could be an integral part of a comprehensive treatment plan. By addressing hyperuricaemia, practitioners may subsidize the optimization of blood pressure regulation, which illustrates the importance of addressing UA levels as a valuable strategy within the broader context of hypertension management. In this analysis, we outlined the operational principles of effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricaemia and hypertension, along with an exploration of the contribution of nanotechnology to this field.

Keywords: Xanthine oxidase; allopurinol; blood pressure; febuxostat; uric acid.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors do not have any competing interests to declare.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Role and mechanism of XO to convert HPX to UA.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Chemical structures of HPX, XAN, allopurinol, oxypurinol and febuxostat.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Important metabolic pathways that relate hypertension and serum UA level.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The way XO inhibitors affect hypertension.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Nanostructures involved in the formulations of allopurinol and febuxostat.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Gonsalez SR, Cortês AL, Silva R, et al. Acute kidney injury overview: from basic findings to new prevention and therapy strategies. Pharmacol Ther. 2019;200:1–20. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bagga HS, Chi T, Miller J, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis of renal calculi. Urol Clin North Am. 2013;40(1):1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.09.006. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Devarajan A. Cross-talk between renal lithogenesis and atherosclerosis: an unveiled link between kidney stone formation and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci. 2018;132(6):615–626. doi: 10.1042/CS20171574. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gambaro G, Croppi E, Coe F, et al. Metabolic diagnosis and medical prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis and its systemic manifestations: a consensus statement. J Nephrol. 2016;29(6):715–734. doi: 10.1007/s40620-016-0329-y. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Low RK, Stoller ML.. Uric acid–related nephrolithiasis. Urol Clin North Am. 1997;24(1):135–148. doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70359-1. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms