Is aromatic plants environmental health engineering (APEHE) a leverage point of the earth system?

Abstract

It is important to note that every ecological niche in an ecosystem is significant. This study aims to assess the importance of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in the ecosystem from multiple perspectives. A primary model of Aromatic Plants Environmental Health Engineering (APEHE) has been designed and constructed. The APEHE system was used to collect aerosol compounds, and it was experimentally verified that these compounds have the potential to impact human health by binding to AKT1 as the primary target, and MMP9 and TLR4 as secondary targets. These compounds may indirectly affect human immunity by reversing drug resistance in drug-resistant bacteria in the nasal cavity. This is mainly achieved through combined mutations in sdhA, scrA, and PEP. Our findings are based on Network pharmacology and molecular binding, drug-resistance rescue experiments, as well as combined transcriptomics and metabolomics experiments. It is suggested that APEHE may have direct or indirect effects on human health. We demonstrate APEHE's numerous potential benefits, such as attenuation and elimination of airborne microorganisms in the environment, enhancing carbon and nitrogen storage in terrestrial ecosystems, promoting the formation of low-level clouds and strengthening the virtuous cycle of Earth's ecosystems. APEHE also supports the development of transdisciplinary technologies, including terpene energy production. It facilitates the creation of a sustainable circular economy and provides additional economic advantages through urban optimisation, as well as fresh insights into areas such as the habitability of other planets. APEHE has the potential to serve as a leverage point for the Earth system. We have created a new research direction.

Fig. 1

Wayne diagram of potential APEHE and pneumonia targets.

Fig. 2

APEHE active pharmaceutical ingredient - pneumonia disease target network (Note: Green nodes represent compounds and blue nodes represent pneumonia-related targets.). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3

Top 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways.

Fig. 4

GO enrichment analysis.

Fig. 5

Protein-protein interaction network.

Fig. 6

The binding of flurbiprofen methyl ester to the AKT1 protein in both 2D and 3D formats.

Fig. 7

The binding of 37,783 to the EGFR protein in both 2D and 3D formats.

Fig. 8

The binding of 76,604 to the MMP9 protein in both 2D and 3D formats.

Fig. 9

The binding of 101288159 to the TLR4 protein in both 2D and 3D formats.

Fig. 10

The binding of muramic acid to the CXCL8 protein in both 2D and 3D formats.

Fig. 11

Differential expression of pathways involved in Wayne diagrams in two omics.

Fig. 12

Correlation analysis hierarchical clustering heatmap.

Fig. 13

KEGG pathway annotation comparison histogram.