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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 May 17;103(20):e38018.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038018.

Incretin-based drugs decrease the incidence of prostate cancer in type 2 diabetics: A pooling-up analysis

Yuxiang Lin  1 , Guangyong Xu  1 , Liangyu Li  1 , Jingyi Xiang  2 , Lingyun Zhai  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Incretin-based drugs decrease the incidence of prostate cancer in type 2 diabetics: A pooling-up analysis

Yuxiang Lin et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Incretin-based drugs, a class of Antidiabetic medications (ADMs) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may affect the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). But real-world evidence for this possible effect is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of incretin-based drugs on the incidence of PCa, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for eligible studies through September 2023. Two independent reviewers performed screening and data extraction. We used the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess the quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. We did a meta-analysis of available trial data to calculate overall risk ratios (RRs) for PCa. A total of 1238 articles were identified in our search. After screening for eligibility, 7 high-quality studies met the criteria for meta-analysis, including 2 RCTs and 5 cohort studies, with a total of 1165,738 patients. Compared with the control group, we found that incretin-based drugs reduced the relative risk of PCa by 35% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17-0.49; P = .0006). In subgroup analysis, the RR values for GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors were 62% (95% CI, 0.45-0.85; P = .003) and 72% (95% CI, 0.46-1.12; P = .14), respectively. Incretin-based drugs are associated with lower incidence of prostate cancer and may have a preventive effect on prostate cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study selection.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Forest plot for the relationship between incretin-based drugs and the incidence of prostate cancer.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plot for the relationship between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and the incidence of prostate cancer in subgroup analysis.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plot for the relationship between glucagon-like peptide-1 and the incidence of prostate cancer in subgroup analysis.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Funnel plot for the association of Incretin-based drugs administration and risk of prostate cancer.
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