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. 2024 Apr-Jun;12(2):145-152.
doi: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_422_23. Epub 2024 Apr 5.

Prescribing Trends of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Mortality among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Insights from the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Siti Zaleha Suki  1   2 , Ahmad Syadi Mahmood Zuhdi  3 , Abqariyah Yahya  4 , Wan Ahmad Hafiz Wan Md Adnan  5 , Nur Lisa Zaharan  1
Affiliations

Prescribing Trends of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Mortality among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Insights from the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Siti Zaleha Suki et al. Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2024 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Background: Despite guideline recommendations, suboptimal prescription rates of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the temporal trends, variations, and mortality outcomes among acute coronary syndrome patients prescribed ACEIs/ARBs in the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia.

Methodology: This retrospective study utilized data from the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease-Acute Coronary Syndrome registry, encompassing consecutive patient records from 2008 to 2017 (N = 60,854). Ten-year temporal trends of on-discharge ACEIs/ARBs prescription were examined. Demographics, clinical characteristics and 1-year all-cause mortality outcomes were compared between patients prescribed and not prescribed ACEIs/ARBs.

Results: The 10-year prescription rate of on-discharge ACEIs/ARBs was 52.8% (n = 32,140), with a significant decline over the years [linear trend test, P = 0.008; SD = 0.03; SE = 0.001; 95% CI = 0.55-0.64]. Patients aged ≥65 years (aOR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.73-0.86) were less likely to be prescribed ACEIs/ARBs than those aged <65 years. In addition, patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) (aOR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.79-0.92) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.30-0.40) were significantly less likely to receive ACEIs/ARBs. IPW-adjusted survival analysis revealed a 38% lower 1-year all-cause mortality rate in patients prescribed on-discharge ACEIs/ARBs (HR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.56-0.69; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Acute coronary syndrome patients with concomitant DM and CKD were less likely to receive on-discharge ACEIs/ARBs in Malaysia. Suboptimal prescription rates of ACEIs/ARBs persisted over the 10-year period, despite improved 1-year survival in ACS patients prescribed ACEIs/ARBs.

Keywords: ACE inhibitors; Malaysia; acute coronary syndrome; angiotensin receptor blockers; mortality; prescriptions; propensity score; survival analysis; trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The distribution of acute coronary syndrome patient prescribed on-discharge renin-angiotensin system blockers according to calendar year and its linear trend line (P < 0.05)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cox survival curves comparing patients prescribed on-discharge ACEIs/ARBs and those not prescribed, using propensity score covariates adjustment, inverse proportional weighting
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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