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. 2024 May 20;19(5):e0297272.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297272. eCollection 2024.

Characterization of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 from three waves of COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand

Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul  1   2   3 , Paskorn Sritipsukho  4   5 , Potjanee Srimanote  1   2   3 , Onruedee Khantisitthiporn  2   6 , Wipawadee Sianglum  7 , Uayporn Pinitchai  8 , Yong Poovorawan  9
Affiliations

Characterization of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 from three waves of COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand

Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

A dynamic of virus adaptation and a mass vaccination campaign could significantly reduce the severity of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and transmission. Hence, COVID-19 may become an endemic disease globally. Moreover, mass infection as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed affected the serology of the patients as a result of virus mutation and vaccination. Therefore, a need exists to acquire accurate serological testing to monitor the emergence of new outbreaks of COVID-19 to promptly prevent and control the disease spreading. In this study, the anti-Orf8 antibodies among samples collected in Thailand's first, fourth, and fifth waves of COVID-19 outbreaks compared with pre-epidemic sera were determined by indirect ELISA. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the anti-Orf8 IgG ELISA for COVID-19 samples from the first, fourth, and fifth waves of outbreaks was found to be 100% compared with pre-epidemic sera. However, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the anti-Orf8 IgG ELISA for a larger number of patient samples and controls from the fifth wave of outbreaks which were collected on day 7 and 14 after an RT-PCR positive result were 58.79 and 58.44% and 89.19 and 58.44%, respectively. Our data indicated that some of the controls might have antibodies from natural past infections. Our study highlighted the potential utility of anti-Orf8 IgG antibody testing for seroprevalence surveys but still warrants further investigations.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Distribution of anti-Orf8 IgG antibody levels determined in the samples of Thailand’s first, fourth, and fifth waves of the COVID-19 outbreak compared with pre-epidemic sera samples.
The graph shows dot plots representing the S/C of the individual samples. The red dot represents the outliner. *** indicates a statistically significant difference at a p-value < 0.0001.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the anti-Orf8 IgG antibody testing of samples collected from three waves of COVID-19 outbreaks.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Distribution of anti-Orf8 IgG antibody levels determined in the larger samples collected from patients and the control group during Thailand’s fifth wave of COVID-19.
Samples in the case group were divided into two subgroups including samples collected at 7 and 14 days after the RT-PCR positive result called visits 1 and 2, respectively. The graph shows dot plots represent the S/C of the individual samples, while the red squares represent the outliner.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the anti-Orf8 IgG antibody testing of samples collected from the omicron-dominant outbreaks of COVID-19 (the fifth wave).
Fig 5
Fig 5. Determination of anti-Orf8 IgG levels in paired samples collected at visit 1 (day 7 after the RT-PCR positive result) and visit 2 (day 14 after the RT-PCR positive result) during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak.
*** indicates a statistically significant difference at a p-value < 0.0001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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