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. 2025 May;35(5):3363-3376.
doi: 10.1007/s10895-024-03723-8. Epub 2024 May 22.

Photo-Physical Characteristics of Janus Green B in Different Solvents and its Interaction Mechanism with Silver Nanoparticles

Sayed A Abdel Gawad  1 , R Ghazy  2 , S Mansour  2 , Hala Ahmed  2 , Ahmed R Ghazy  3
Affiliations

Photo-Physical Characteristics of Janus Green B in Different Solvents and its Interaction Mechanism with Silver Nanoparticles

Sayed A Abdel Gawad et al. J Fluoresc. 2025 May.

Abstract

This work explores the effects of solvent polarity on Janus Green B (JGB) photophysical properties. The Lippert-Mataga, Billot, and Ravi equations were utilized to calculate the singlet-state excited dipole moments (µe) and ground state dipole moments (µg) using absorption and fluorescence spectra analyses. The results showed an increase in the former, which is suggestive of electronic structural alterations upon excitation. Analysis of fluorescence quantum yield values revealed that JGB's environment had an impact on its emission characteristics; it was particularly sensitive to silver nanoparticles, suggesting possible interactions. While simulations of electron density, electrostatic potential, and energy gap (Eg) helped to understand the electronic structure of JGB, theoretical absorption spectra produced by Time Dependent Density Function Theory (TD-DFT) calculations offered insights into electronic transitions during absorption. To sum up, the present study contributes to our comprehension of the molecular behavior of JGB in various solvents by elucidating the intricate relationship among solvent polarity, molecular environment, and interactions with silver nanoparticles. Additionally, theoretical computations support the interpretation of experimental results.

Keywords: Fluorescence; Janus Green B; Photophysical Properties; Quantum Yield; TD-DFT.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate: Not applicable. Informed Consent: Not applicable. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(a) Gas phase electron density of JGB, (b) the JGB gas phase’s electrostatic potential using TD-DFT/Dmol3 applications
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Absolute values of HOMO and LUMO states energy for JGB
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The simulated absorption spectra of JGB in different solvents using DFT-Dmol3 simulation
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
absorption spectra of 1 × 10− 5 mol dm− 3 of Janus Green B in different solvents
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) Relationships between spectral properties in steady-state of Janus Green B, (b) Dependence of vabs and vem on the empirical solvent polarity parameter ET (30) of Janus Green B
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Emission spectra of 1 × 10-5 mol dm-3 of JGB in different solvents λex = 295 nm
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Fluorescence increasing of 2 × 10− 5 mol. dm− 3 of JGB by silver nanoparticle in water
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
JGB’s normalized emission spectrum measures 2 × 10− 5 mol dm− 3, while Ag NPs in water have an absorption spectrum measuring 6.15 × 10− 5 mol dm− 3
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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