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. 2024 May 4;10(10):e30748.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30748. eCollection 2024 May 30.

Effect of post-heat treatment on the UV transmittance, hydrophobicity, and tensile properties of PVA/ Uncaria gambir extract blend films

Dieter Rahmadiawan  1   2 , Hairul Abral  3   4 , Ilham Chayri Iby  3 , Hyun-Joong Kim  5   6 , Kwang-Hyun Ryu  6 , Ho-Wook Kwack  6 , Muhammad Razan Railis  7 , Eni Sugiarti  8 , Ahmad Novi Muslimin  8 , Dian Handayani  9 , Khiky Dwinatrana  9 , Shih-Chen Shi  1 , Rahadian Zainul  10 , Rahmat Azis Nabawi  2
Affiliations

Effect of post-heat treatment on the UV transmittance, hydrophobicity, and tensile properties of PVA/ Uncaria gambir extract blend films

Dieter Rahmadiawan et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The physical and mechanical properties of biopolymers can be improved by heating technologies. In this research, we improved the properties of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Uncaria gambir extract (UGE) blend films by post-heating method. After post-heating, the blend film exhibited higher resistance to UV light and improved contact angle performance, while water vapor permeability and moisture absorption decreased. The tensile strength and toughness of the PVA/UGE blend film with a post-heating duration of 40 min were 68.8 MPa and 57.7 MPa, respectively, an increase of 131 % and 127 %, compared to films without post-heating. This facile and cost-effective fabrication method, with environmentally friendly properties, can be applied to biodegradable PVA/UGE blend films to achieve desired properties for optical devices or food packaging materials.

Keywords: Biopolymer; Moisture resistance; PVA blend film; Post-heat treatment; Toughness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Preparation of PVA/UGE films with and without post-heat treatment.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Physical appearance for WH (a), H10 (b), H20 (c), and H40 (d) films with thicknesses of about 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, and 0.6 mm, respectively. The ray transmittance curves of PVA/UGE films (e).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
FESEM images of fracture surfaces for WH (a), H10 (b), H20 (c), and H40 (d).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
FTIR curves in the complete spectral range (4000-500 cm−1) (a) and in the working reduced range (750-1700 cm−1) of films without and with heating (yellow band).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
XRD pattern for all tested samples before and after post-heat treatment.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Thermal resistance TGA (a) and DTG (b) of blend films without and with post-heat treatment.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The mean values of TS and TM (a), and TN and EB (b) for the films. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05), indicated by different letters (a, b, c, A, B, C).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
(a) Contact angle on film surfaces and (b) contact angle of films as function of time (t) in second (s).
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Average values of moisture absorption performance (a) WVP and WVT as function of time in humid chamber for non- and post-heat treatment (b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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